6种梨果实对轮纹病的抗性差异及4种杀菌剂对轮纹病菌的抑菌作用

由葡萄座腔菌Botryosphaeria dothidea引起的梨轮纹病是梨生产中重要的真菌性病害,主要造成树势早衰和果实腐烂,严重影响梨的产量和品质。本研究选取市售的6个品种的梨果实,用分离自梨枝干的轮纹病菌进行了离体果实接种,测定不同品种果实对梨轮纹病的抗性差异。接种后6 d,按照病斑直径从大到小的顺序,品种排序依次为‘丰水梨’‘南果梨’‘库尔勒香梨’‘皇冠梨’‘雪花梨’‘砀山酥梨’,随病斑减小抗性依次增强。测定了4种杀菌剂对梨轮纹病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用,结果表明,咯菌腈、氟啶胺和咪鲜胺对梨轮纹病菌的菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用,EC_(50)分别为0.010 3、0.022 4μg/mL和0.034 3μg/mL;代森锰锌的EC_(50)为3.860 7μg/mL,也有较好的抑菌效果。本试验结果为了解不同梨品种对轮纹病的抗性及杀菌剂的选用提供了依据,具有一定的指导意义。     

苹果抗轮纹病机制研究进展

在中国引起苹果轮纹病的病原菌为葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea），其主要通过自然孔口直接侵染苹果，并分泌细胞降解酶等使苹果组织降解以促进病菌的进一步侵染，而苹果可通过增强细胞壁的木质化、释放抗菌化合物以及产生免疫蛋白等抑制病菌。通过对苹果轮纹病的危害及病原菌种类、病菌侵染机制、苹果的抗性机制等方面的详细综述，为有效防治苹果轮纹病提供理论依据。     

Potential application of baited remote underwater video to survey abundance of west coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii

The first assessment of the baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) for monitoring rock lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne‐Edwards) in South Africa was compared to annual ring net and trap survey data. Count data from 58 BRUVs, 36 ring net and 95 trap samples were fitted with generalised additive models using depth, habitat, time and spatial gradient as independent variables. A power analysis was used to determine the number of samples needed per annum to detect a 5 and 10% increase and decrease in population size. The BRUVs outperformed the nets and traps in terms of sampling effort and were better at detecting changes in abundance of lobster than abundance of three fish species. Considering factors such as cost, analysis time, additional data and environmental impact, traps are the most feasible method in deeper waters but BRUVs could replace nets and traps in depths less than 60 m, low‐density areas and marine reserves.     

虾料制粒机的压辊数量对颗粒品质的影响

压辊数量对虾料制粒机的颗粒品质有很大影响。文章分别对两压辊、三压辊结构进行分析,研究表明,两压辊制粒机较三压辊制粒机,更适宜用于虾料制粒。     

苹果轮纹病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及Cytb基因序列分析

为了明确苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性和吡唑醚菌酯的靶标基因序列, 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了水杨肟酸对B. dothidea 菌丝生长的作用, 探讨了添加或不添加水杨肟酸的情况下病原菌对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性的变化; 并测定了不同产区的80株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性以及440株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性; 然后, 扩增并分析了具有不同敏感性的菌株的细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 序列?结果表明:不同浓度水杨肟酸对菌丝生长的抑制作用不同?添加40 μg/mL水杨肟酸不影响吡唑醚菌酯的EC50?菌株的敏感性频率符合近似正态分布, 各产区菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性没有显著差异, 吡唑醚菌酯平均EC50为(2.95±2.11) μg/mL, 没有检测到抗性菌株?靶标基因序列分析表明, Cytb基因在F129?G137和G143位密码子上没有产生点突变, 首次发现在143位密码子后有内含子插入?     

Compressive failure of spruce wood rings reinforced with glass epoxy composite

We experimentally tested under radial compressive loads and statistically analyzed rings constructed from spruce wood and reinforced with glass fiber.We used the Weibull distribution in statistical analysis,and tested five types of rings including unreinforced and composite reinforced(CR) as wound around the ring,oriented as two layers at angles of 45°,60°,75° and 90° to the column axis.We calculated 95 % reliability of load carrying capacity of the rings by Weibull distribution.The highest load carrying capacity was obtained with CR rings at 60° to the axial axis of the ring.Load carrying capacities of rings at CR90,CR75,CR60 and CR45 were 137,192,215 and 126 %greater,respectively,than unreinforced rings.For unreinforced rings,failures resulted from catastrophic breaking of wood materials.None of the reinforced rings failed catastrophically because the outer surface of the rings was reinforced with glass–epoxy composite fiber.Cracks began at the core of the materials under the composite layer for all specimens and resulted in failure of the rings.     

荞麦轮纹病抗性鉴定方法的建立及荞麦抗病种质资源的筛选

为建立荞麦轮纹病的抗性鉴定方法和筛选可利用的抗轮纹病的荞麦种质资源,本研究以TP2和KP14为供试材料,在健康荞麦叶片正面针刺处理,然后用荞麦轮纹病的病原菌菌饼进行接种;利用建立的抗性鉴定方法,对50份荞麦种质资源进行抗病性评价。结果显示:针刺5针接种叶片病斑出现较快,且比针刺1针、针刺3针的叶片病斑大,针刺5针的病情指数最高。50份荞麦种质资源的病情指数有差异,其中YZ-18的病情指数为29.63,为高抗种质资源,YZ-2、YZ-5、YZ-13和YZ-9的病情指数均低于40,为中抗种质资源,其余为感病种质资源。因此,接种前叶片正面针刺5针的方法为最佳的抗性鉴定方法。50份抗性评价的荞麦种质资源中,筛选出5份抗病种质资源。     

鸡RNF165蛋白多克隆抗体制备及其生物信息学分析

【目的】 制备鸡环指蛋白165（RNF165）多克隆抗体并对RNF165蛋白进行生物信息学分析,以期为研究鸡RNF165的生物学功能提供参考。【方法】 以鸡胚成纤维细胞（DF-1）为试验材料,提取总RNA,反转录获得cDNA,通过PCR扩增RNF165基因,将其连接至pET-28a （+）质粒构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-RNF165。将测序正确的重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞进行诱导表达,将表达的融合蛋白纯化后按照制定的免疫程序免疫7周龄BALB/c雌鼠。第3次免疫7 d后,分离小鼠血清,用Western blotting检测鼠抗RNF165蛋白多克隆抗体的特异性,间接ELISA法测定其效价。使用在线生物信息学软件对RNF165蛋白理化性质、信号肽、磷酸化位点、亚细胞定位、跨膜结构、二级结构和保守结构域进行分析。【结果】 成功扩增得到大小为1 068 bp的RNF165基因。成功构建原核表达载体pET-28a-RNF165,并诱导表达出约43 ku的RNF165蛋白。Western blotting结果显示,制备的鼠抗RNF165蛋白多克隆抗体能特异性识别DF-1细胞中过表达的RNF165蛋白,效价为1：32 000。生物信息学分析结果显示,RNF165蛋白由350个氨基酸组成,分子质量为39.88 ku,等电点为7.13,不稳定指数为69.87,为亲水性蛋白,不含信号肽和跨膜结构域,有29个磷酸化位点;RNF165蛋白二级结构主要由无规则卷曲、α-螺旋、延伸链和β-转角组成;RNF165出现在细胞核内的概率最高,为47.8%;RNF165蛋白质C-端296―341位氨基酸残基为RING-Ubox超家族保守结构域。【结论】 本研究所制备的鼠抗RNF165多抗隆抗体具有较高的反应性和特异性,RNF165蛋白为亲水性蛋白,主要在细胞核内表达,结果可为研究RNF165蛋白的生物学功能提供材料支持。     

钻孔灌注桩施工事故预防及处理的几点体会

文章介绍了在砂砾土质钻孔塌孔的预防及处理方法，还介绍了首罐砼灌注及断桩处理方法。