湖北三峡库区晚熟脐橙不同海拔果实品质变化及枯水防控技术研究

以湖北三峡库区秭归地区不同海拔伦晚脐橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Lane late’ Navel）果实为试验材料，探讨了湖北三峡库区晚熟脐橙果实枯水防控栽培技术，进行了晚熟脐橙种植区域布局研究，结果表明，在湖北三峡库区，江南晚熟脐橙适宜区域化种植在海拔360 m以下，江北在海拔350 m以下。在适宜范围外，随海拔升高，晚熟脐橙果实品质下降，可食率、果汁率降低，酸下降快，化渣性变差，果实枯水加重。其次，探讨了晚熟脐橙果实枯水防控生产技术，冬季套袋试验效果好，果实枯水比率控制在5%以下，显著低于对照果实（枯水率50%），可有效减轻和防止晚熟脐橙果实枯水，而且套袋果实外观好，品质优。覆膜技术效果其次，果实枯水比率可以控制在20%以下，而且该技术简便、劳动量小且成本较低，可以在生产中应用。     

基于多源数据的华北平原夏玉米种植区划研究

精准识别农业生产环境信息和农业生产特征,对气象、土壤和作物等多源数据进行综合分类,是提高农业资源利用效率和优化农业种植结构的基础。本研究基于近20年（1998~2017年）气象数据和华北五省的玉米单产统计数据,首先构建了华北平原气候资源和玉米生产时空分布特征数据库,研究区内的降雨量、活动积温、日照时数、太阳辐射和玉米单产均存在显著的时空变化;利用作物精细种植区划方法,将华北平原夏玉米种植区分为极不适宜区、不适宜区、较适宜区、适宜区、极适宜区五大类,各类面积分别占总体的比例约为10%、11%、25%、30%、24%;进一步通过环境类别归属度分析方法,将每一大类分为5小类,概率大于75%的相对稳定区域约占总面积的63%,小于75%的波动区域约占37%;极不适宜区、不适宜区和较适宜区,三类时空分布比较稳定,隶属度为100%分别占各类面积的87.67%、70.41%和84.28%,波动区主要发生在极适宜区和适宜区,以及适宜区和较适宜区之间。本研究构建的华北平原夏玉米精细区划结果,对提高研究区资源利用效率和优化玉米产业布局具有重要的指导意义。     

Regional inequality: An analysis under the core–peripheral model

Desmet, Gumpert, and Ort?n have analyzed regional development using the Ricardian model or the Heckscher–Ohlin theorem. However, aspects such as consideration of combined wages, substitution elasticities, marginal costs, fixed costs, and number of companies were completely ignored. This study investigates the underdevelopment of regions in light of Krugman`s core–peripheral model. The extension of the model is intended to analyze the aspects that have so far been ignored and their influence on the benefits of the two regions. The following aspects characterize the model. Two regions with two sectors are considered for the model. The regions are characterized by different technological equipment. The first region is industrial. The second region has an agricultural character. When a new technology is available, both regions can benefit under certain conditions. The financial transfers lead to a convergence of wages.     

京津冀一次区域性暴雨特征分析

利用FNL再分析资料、卫星资料和自动站资料对2019年7月22~23日京津冀一次区域性暴雨过程进行了环流形势、卫星云图、动热力结构的分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在500hPa两槽一脊、副热带高压北抬、低空急流的大尺度环流背景下。西南方向的水汽输送和黄渤海的补充水汽为暴雨提供了良好的水汽条件,在河北中部的水汽辐合抬升则为暴雨提供了抬升条件。此次暴雨的产生受中尺度对流云团的连续生成合并影响,降水效率高。在暴雨中心整层表现为低层辐合、高层辐散,上升速度中心明显,使得高层的抽吸作用更强,更有利于上升运动的维持与发展,为降水强度增大提供了有力的动力条件,高空弱冷空气的入侵对能量锋区不稳定能量的释放起到了触发作用。     

人地协调视角下农村居民点利用质量评价与提升策略

农村居民点高质量利用是乡村振兴的一种具体表现，综合开展农村居民点质量评价、全面改善质量障碍要素是科学编制村庄规划和优化农村要素配置的基础。该研究以北京市平谷区为例，从土地集约利用和人居环境品质相互协调的视角界定农村居民点利用质量内涵并构建评价体系，综合运用熵权-TOPSIS法、变异系数修正的弹性系数法和障碍度诊断模型，对农村居民点利用质量进行评价并提出相应的提升策略。结果表明：1）平谷区农村居民点土地集约利用水平中等偏高，人居环境品质和农村居民点利用综合质量则中等偏低。2）平谷区农村居民点类型表现为中等质量主导、高质量次之、低质量偏少，对应着从脱钩F弱型、脱钩T弱型、正向挂钩F强型、负向挂钩F弱型、正向挂钩T强型、负向挂钩T弱型、正向挂钩T-F同强型、负向挂钩T-F同弱型的村庄数量依次降低。3）平谷区农村居民点高质量利用的障碍要素主要体现在规模强度、空间布局、生活环境和生产环境4个维度，从高质量到低质量利用类型，障碍因素数量增多、作用程度逐渐增大。4）平谷区应充分发挥生态环境优势，在"整体化、集约化、人本化和善治化"战略导向下，按照"高质量利用类适当优化、中等质量利用类同步调控、低质量利用类系统整治"策略，分类有序地推进农村居民点质量提升。     

北京市昌平区统筹城乡区域发展研究

北京市昌平区通过大力实施乡村振兴战略,深入推进城乡区域协调发展,在城乡基本公共服务发展、产业发展、乡村治理、人才队伍建设等方面取得了一定进展.但同时也存在产业发展缓慢、人才力量不足等问题,为此,提出推动城乡基本公共服务均衡发展,多措并举加快乡村产业发展,创新和完善乡村治理机制,促进实用人才培养等四个方面的建议.     

文旅融合背景下西北地方文献建设研究

[目的/意义]地方文献是重要的文化资源,地方文献的收藏、整理、再造,是对历史文化的传承,也是推动地方文化建设、提升民众文化生活质量的必然要求。[方法/过程]概述上海图书馆“从武康路出发”的实践,总结地方文献资源和文旅融合的经验。对西北五省区省级公共图书馆地方文献资源数据库进行调查,分析文献收藏特点和不足之处。[结果/结论]根据调研结果从加强地方文献资源的收集整理、深入挖掘地方文献资源、加大地方文献资源的宣传力度、开展广泛的合作等方面提出建设思路。     

From borders to ecotones – Private-public co-management of urban woodland edges bordering private housing

This paper conceptualises and evaluates so-called co-management zones as an approach for user participation in urban forestry, specifically in the management of public woodland edges bordering residential areas. Co-management zones can metaphorically be viewed as ‘ecotone-like’ spaces, i.e. zones where overlapping interest – in this case residents’ and municipal authorities’ – can be used to create richness and meetings rather than boundaries. Building on the perspectives of ecotone thinking and governance arrangements, co-management zones in the Danish residential area of Sletten in Holstebro were evaluated. The presented case study combined interviews with residents and interviews with three key green space professionals who had led the planning, design, establishment and management of the woodland and the implementation of co-management. The resident participation in the co-management zone was also assessed and photo documented in a field survey, categorising individual households according to type and degree of physical signs of participation. Findings illustrate the potential of co-management zones to initiate collaboration between residents and public woodland managers in creating recreationally valuable and varied meetings between private gardens and urban woodlands. Challenges with establishing co-management zones were also highlighted, especially the need for clear guidelines and continuous communication between residents and the municipality. Perspectives and implications related to residents, managers and green space quality are discussed.     

Linking watershed and microhabitat characteristics: effects on production of Atlantic salmonids (Salmo salar and Salmo trutta)

The spatial scale of environmental factors influencing population dynamics ranges from microhabitat to continental or even global scales. Integration of multiple spatial scales is important in order to understand links between environmental variation and population processes. In the present study, we investigate how multiscale drivers influence the production of stream‐rearing Atlantic salmonids (Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. and brown trout, Salmo trutta L.) measured in terms of abundance. Variation in juvenile production was studied using data from single‐pass electrofishing surveys (measured as biomass per m²) from nine rivers. These data were combined with habitat data ranging from an important in‐stream microhabitat variable (shelter availability) to properties of the catchment. Variation in productivity within and among rivers was affected by both properties of in‐stream habitat and catchment properties. Shelter availability and the proportion of the catchment consisting of cultivated land and lakes influenced biomass positively, while catchment area had the opposite effect. For a different set of rivers (N = 20), river gradient and catchment area were shown to positively affect the amount of shelter. Finally, the variables identified in the two preceding analysis were included in the analysis of population productivity using catch statistics from 160 rivers. The proportion of cultivated land and lakes, estimated shelter availability were found to have positive effects. In addition, temperature had a positive effect, while river width had a negative effect. This study shows that combining multiple‐scale environmental factors can explain a substantial proportion of variation in population productivity among and within the populations of Atlantic salmonids.     

江西省水资源利用时空变化特征及区域差异

[目的] 定量研究2008—2017年江西省水资源利用时空变化特征以及各项水资源指标的区域差异，为水资源可持续利用提供参考依据。[方法] 基于2008—2017年江西省自然、社会经济以及水资源资料，利用变差系数、泰尔系数和空间分级分类法，从时间维度和空间维度分析了江西省2008—2017年水资源时空分布特征，并采用“竹笋”七色差异评价法对江西省各项水资源指标的区域差异进行研究。[结果] 南昌市2008—2017年水资源开发利用相对处于一个较高的水平，年均水资源开发利用率达到46%，处于不健康状态，而整个江西省平均开发利用率不到25%，水资源状况呈现健康的状态；江西省2008—2017年工业用水和农业水量分布差异较大，11市的生活用水和总用水空间分布差异较小；江西省2008—2017年人均水资源和地均水资源区域差异的差异值小于380，处于“竹笋”七色模型的稳定区，2008—2017年期间波动小。[结论] 整体来看江西省各市水资源禀赋差异性较大，要综合多个因素，深度剖析各个地区的水资源各类指标，比如人口数量、气候、环境、地形、文化差异等，因地制宜，才能使水资源真正为社会经济的可持续发展服务，达到人与水环境的协调统一。