水稻赖氨酸含量测定方法改进及其最优动态分类研究

赖氨酸是水稻营养成分中第一限制性氨基酸。为优化赖氨酸的测定方法,设置了本试验,通过超声振荡器取代普通振荡器,进行300W超声功率下酰化用时及染料结合反应用时的研究。结果表明,最佳酰化用时为15 min,染料结合用时为90 min。与国标法相比,优化后的方法酰化用时变长、染料结合用时变短,测定总用时明显缩短,但测定结果和试验精度更高。可见,采用超声波振荡代替传统振荡器振荡能改进赖氨酸的测定方法。另外,采用最优动态聚类法对赖氨酸含量进行分类,能防止人为分类的不确定性,做到分类方案的最优化。     

基于循环残差注意力的群养生猪实例分割

目的 在群养环境下，实现生猪粘连、杂物遮挡等不同条件下生猪个体的高精度分割。方法 对真实养殖场景下的8栏日龄20~105 d共45头群养生猪进行研究，以移动相机拍摄图像为数据源，并执行改变亮度、加入高斯噪声等数据增强操作获取标注图片3 834张。探究基于2个骨干网络ResNet50、ResNet101与2个任务网络Mask R-CNN、Cascade mask R-CNN交叉结合的多种模型，并将循环残差注意力(RRA)思想引入2个任务网络模型中，在不显著增加计算量的前提下提升模型特征提取能力、提高分割精度。结果 选用Mask R-CNN-ResNet50比Cascade mask R-CNN-ResNet50在AP_0.5、AP_0.75、AP_0.5-0.95和AP_{0.5-0.95-large}指标上分别提升4.3%、3.5%、2.2%和2.2%；加入不同数量的RRA模块以探究其对各个任务模型预测性能影响，试验表明加入2个RRA模块后对各个任务模型的提升效果最为明显。结论 加入2个RRA模块的Mask R-CNN-ResNet50模型可以更精确、有效地对不同场景群养生猪进行分割，为后续生猪身份识别与行为分析提供模型支撑。     

Recurrent Temporary Paralysis Reported After Human Rabies Post‐Exposure Prophylaxis

Adverse events can occur after rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and linkage to causality is often difficult to determine. We report a case of recurrent temporary paralysis that began immediately after the initiation of rabies PEP in a man exposed to a bat. The recurrent temporary paralysis first occurred in the patient after his initial dose and then again after day 3 of his rabies PEP. The PEP was terminated prior to a serologic response. The patient continued to experience numerous discrete episodes of temporary paralysis for over two years.     

轮回选择在烟草育种中的应用及方法

提出了在烟草育种中应用轮回选择方法的必要性,综述了轮回选择改良群体的理论与方法和轮回选择在烟草育种中的应用效果,同时探讨了轮回选择在烟草群体改良中的应用特点和方法。     

Comparing mating designs to restore seed production of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens (white clover) and Trifolium uniflorum

Interspecific hybrids between Trifolium uniflorum and cultivated white clover (Trifolium repens) have highly useful characteristics for temperate pastoral systems derived from both parent species. However, the early hybrids (F₁ and BC₁) also have unacceptably poor seed production for commerce. This study analysed the basis for the poor seed production and investigated breeding strategies for overcoming the problem. The BC₁F₁ generation produced lower‐than‐expected numbers of heads per plant and seeds per floret. Backcrossing of selected hybrids to white clover corrected these deficiencies and created new variation. Seed numbers were also returned to near target levels by recurrent selection within the BC₁ generation. Thus, it was possible to retain a theoretical average of 25% of T. uniflorum genome and still achieve high seed production per plant. The BC₁F₂ and BC₂F₁ generations produced high seed numbers per plant, along with reasonable variation. Both of these second‐generation hybrid forms have high reproductive potential and should be the focus for the selection of the desired combinations of agronomic and seed production traits.     

Variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent in BC1 and its relation to yield performance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) breeding for low-input conditions

In order to define the variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent [G(RP)] and its relation to yield, G(RP) of individual BC₁ plants of two sorghum populations composed of a high‐yielding cultivar as recurrent parent (RP) and a donor with superior drought resistance or grain quality, respectively, was estimated using AFLPs and SSRs. G(RP) in BC₁ ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and averaged to 0.76 in the population (NP4453 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. G(RP) varied between 0.60 and 0.86 and averaged to 0.74 in the BC₁ of (ICV‐219 × ‘SV‐2’) × ‘SV‐2’. Results show that plants with a G(RP) equivalent to BC₂ (0.875) or BC₃ (0.938), respectively, can be selected from BC₁. Yield performance of BC₁S₁ families was tested in field trials carried out in South Africa. The correlation between yield and G(RP) in BC₁ was low. Selection according to G(RP) did not result in an effective preselection for yield.     

Genetic-diversity assessed by microsatellites in tropical maize populations submitted to a high-intensity reciprocal recurrent selection

BR-105 and BR-106 are important tropical maize populations, which were submitted to a high-intensity reciprocal recurrent selection, generating the IG-3 and IG-4synthetics. Using 30-microsatellite loci,we measured and compared the genetic diversity of these populations and their synthetics. The populations did not differ significantly regarding the amount of genetic diversity. As a consequence of selection, genetic variability losses, in terms of mean number of alleles per locus,proportion of polymorphic loci, and gene diversity did occur and were greater in the synthetic IG-3 than IG-4. In the synthetics, the number of loci in adherence to Hardy-Weinberg proportions was superior to that observed in the populations. The Wright's mean fixation index was higher than the mean value expected for outcrossing species (5%) indicating as light excess of homozygotic individuals in both populations. The genetic distances confirmed the favourable effects of one cycle of recurrent selection, as the synthetics became more isolated in comparison to the original populations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.