Genetic parameters for litter size,piglet growth and sow's early growth and body composition in the Chinese–European line Tai Zumu

Genetics of piglet growth in association with sow's early growth and body composition were estimated in the Tai Zumu line. Piglet and sow's litter growth traits were calculated from individual weights collected at birth and at 3 weeks of age. Sow's litter traits included the number of piglets born alive (NBA), the mean piglet weight (MW) and the standard deviation of weights within the litter (SDW). Sow's early growth was measured by the age at 100 kg (A₁₀₀), and body composition included backfat thickness (BF₁₀₀). A main objective of this study was to estimate separately the direct genetic effect (d) and the maternal genetic effect (m) on piglet weight and daily weight gain during lactation. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood methodology based on animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.19 for NBA, 0.15 and 0.26 for SDW and MW at 3 weeks and 0.42 and 0.70 for A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀. The NBA was almost independent from SDW. Conversely, the A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀ were correlated unfavourably with SDW (r_g<−0.24, SE<0.12). A stronger selection for litter size should have little effect on litter homogeneity in weights. Selection for lean growth rate tends to favour heterogeneity in weights. The direct effect on piglet weight at birth and daily weight gain accounted for 12% (h² (d) = 0.02) and 50% (h² (d) = 0.11) of the genetic variance, respectively. The association between d and m for piglet weight was not different from zero at birth (r_g = 0.19, SE = 0.27), but a strong antagonism between d and m for daily weight gain from birth to 3 weeks was found (r_g = −0.41, SE = 0.17). Substantial direct and maternal genetic effects influenced piglet growth until weaning in opposite way.     

Effects of Weaning on Immunity and Nutrition in Piglets

The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow's productivity and it was related to the duration of breastfeeding.Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period.The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modem-day commercial conditions inflicted stress (environmental,nutritional and psychological/social) on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology,microbiology and immunology.However,the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea,mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet.The environment and feed had influence on physiology,gut morphology,immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.     

日粮大豆活性肽对仔猪生长和相关理化指标及抗氧化性能的影响

为了探讨大豆活性肽对仔猪生长性能、血液指标及氧化应激参数的影响,试验选取仔猪48头,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复,每重复8头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用大豆活性肽替代2%豆粕的日粮。结果:添加2%大豆活性肽,20 d时,显著提高了仔猪粗脂肪、粗蛋白的消化率(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平略高于对照组;50 d时,大豆活性肽显著提高了仔猪干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),而且总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及TP水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);全程试验组日增重均显著的高于对照组,料重比、腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),然而对尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三脂(TG)影响不明显。     

Detection of Serotypes and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli from Piglets in Beijing

To investigate the cause of piglets diarrhea, and the distribution of the serotype and virulence factors of swine Escherichia coli in Beijing, 400 diarrhea samples were collected. TSA serum agar culture method was used to isolate Escherichia coli, serotype identification test and virulence factor genes test were used to verify the presence of O-antigen. 64 strains of E.coli were isolated from 400 diarrhea samples, among which 42 strains of E.coli were classified as 8 serotypes:O101(18.7%),O64(12.5%),O8(10.9%),O20(10.9%),O45(4.7%),O149(4.7%),O2(1.6%) and O89(1.6%), and the major virulence factors were STa, Stx2e, astA and eaeA. There were 8 mainly serotypes that caused piglets diarrhea in Beijing area, among which O101 serotype accounted for the highest proportion. The major virulence factors were astA and eaeA, accounted for more than 50% of all strains, STa and Stx2e accounted for more than 30% of all strains. These data would provide effective data to support the prevention and control of piglet diarrhea in Beijing.     

饲粮添加硬脂酰乳酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择25日龄的断奶仔猪336头,按体重随机分为6组,每组7个重复,每个重复8头猪。各组仔猪饲粮中SSL添加水平分别为0(对照)、250、500、750、1 000和2 000 mg/kg,试验分2个阶段,每阶段21 d。试验测定仔猪生长性能,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆固醇等血清生化指标及能量、干物质、氮和粗脂肪表观消化率。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加500、750和1 000 mg/kg SSL能显著降低仔猪第2阶段料重比(P0.05),添加1000 mg/kg SSL显著降低全期料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加SSL有降低试验第42天仔猪血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性,增加血清高密度蛋白胆固醇含量及高密度蛋白胆固醇/低密度蛋白胆固醇值的趋势,且当添加水平为2 000 mg/kg时差异达到显著水平(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加SSL能显著提高粗脂肪表观消化率(P0.05),并且有提高氮及能量表观消化率的趋势,当添加水平为2 000 mg/kg时差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加SSL能降低仔猪料重比,提高饲料养分尤其是粗脂肪的表观消化率。     

早期断奶对仔猪空肠和回肠兴奋性氨基酸载体1表达的影响

本试验旨在研究仔猪出生后10~20 d,早期断奶仔猪小肠谷氨酸转运载体基因表达情况与哺乳仔猪的差异。试验分别从40头不同母猪的仔猪中各选出体重相近,10日龄的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪1头,共40头仔猪,随机不配对分为2组,每组20头仔猪,对照组(哺乳组)为哺乳仔猪,随母猪喂养;试验组(断奶组)为断奶仔猪,隔离断奶饲养;试验期10 d。饲养结束,每组随机取12只仔猪,宰杀取空肠和回肠,测定谷氨酸转运载体兴奋性氨基酸转运载体1(EAAC1)蛋白质表达情况和游离氨基酸含量。结果显示,断奶显著降低了仔猪空肠和回肠EAAC1(57和73 ku)及其相关蛋白谷氨酸转运联合蛋白(GTRAP3-18)(50 ku)的蛋白质和mRNA表达量(P0.05)。断奶提高了仔猪空肠游离谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量,却降低了仔猪回肠游离谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量,差异显著(P0.05)。结果提示,早期断奶降低EAAC1和GTRAP3-18的蛋白质含量,这可能与早期断奶仔猪遭受营养谷氨酸缺乏导致的肠道氨基酸吸收转运障碍有关。     

二次制粒加工对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

选用360头21日龄断奶仔猪,按制粒工艺、原料预处理不同,设计2因素2水平试验,研究断奶仔猪采食二次制粒颗粒饲料对生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,结果显示:试验全期,采用二次制粒工艺及膨化玉米、膨化豆粕原料的处理4组仔猪,平均日增重和体重最大,生长性能最佳。血清尿素氮测定结果显示:断奶第14 d,处理4和2组的仔猪血清尿素氮显著低于(P<0.05)处理1和3组;断奶第28 d,处理1组仔猪血清尿素氮显著高于其他三个处理组。血清皮质醇测定结果显示:断奶第14 d,处理4组仔猪血清皮质醇显著低于其他三组。本试验证明,在选择膨化玉米与膨化豆粕优质饲料原料的基础上,采用二次制粒工艺,尤其先将鱼粉与膨化玉米、膨化豆粕进行第一次高温制粒,对降低仔猪断奶应激,改善生长性能有良好的效果。     

益生素及其在防治仔猪腹泻中的应用

抗生素的耐药性以及药物残留问题引发了人们对新型饲料添加剂的研究,益生素为人们解决这一问题带来了希望。文章就益生素及其对仔猪腹泻的防治进行了综述,首先阐述了益生素的特点、分类和组成成分以及作用机理,然后介绍了引起仔猪腹泻的各种因素,进而分析了益生素如何能够降低仔猪腹泻,维护仔猪肠道健康。     

鱼油对仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响

本试验研究了鱼油对断奶仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响.选用32头(28±3)日龄、体重(8.91±0.74)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪,1公1母.采用双因子设计,主因子包括:1)饲粮处理(5%鱼油或5%玉米油);2)免疫应激[注射脂多糖(LPS)或...