柚皮素单硫酸酯钠盐对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响

目的 观察柚皮素单硫酸酯钠盐(SNMS)对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响.方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为5组:SNMS1组、SNMS2组、血栓通组、肝素组和对照组,每组6只,麻醉大鼠,静脉注射药物后,用血栓生成仪观察大鼠颈动脉血栓形成情况;取兔血与药物孵育5min,凝血酶(500 U/L)作用1 min后,用全血血小板聚集...     

Modification of Secondary Metabolism and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Under Phosphate Deficiency in Bean Roots

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphate deficiency on enzymatic activities and on compounds of the secondary metabolism linked with the production of root exudates in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cv. ‘Bianco di Bagnasco.’ Phosphate deficiency induced a decrease in root total soluble phenolic content, but also caused an increase in total soluble phenolic content of exudates. Alteration of phenolic production was paralleled by increased activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and decreased activity of chalcone isomerase (CHI) in roots. Two isoflavonoids daidzein and naringenin, have been detected in roots; they are considered signal molecules in the chemical trafficking with soil microorganisms. Naringenin content was reduced by phosphorus (P) deficiency, due to lower activity of CHI, the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis. On the other hand, daidzein content was higher in –P plants than in the control. The results are discussed, considering the possible roles of phenolics and flavonoids in plant-soil microbe interactions and rizosphere modification.     

Essential Oils and Antioxidants Derived From Citrus By-Products in Food Protection and Medicine: An Introduction and Review of Recent Literature

After a brief overview of the general production, market value, and uses of citrus by-products, this literature review will focus on the most highly refined “pharmaceutical grade” citrus oils and antioxidants that have been derived from peels or other fruit parts. Citrus oils have been used as a part of the perfume industry and in the practice of alternative medicine for a long time, but now there is a great deal of mainstream food processing and drug industry interest in them owing to the rediscovery or confirmation of some of their beneficial properties, as well their development for entirely new applications. Their roles as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents appear promising.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定瓦尼木层孔菌中柚皮素的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定瓦尼木层孔菌(Phellinus vaninii)中柚皮素含量。瓦尼木层孔菌醇提物水解后采用RP-HPLC对柚皮素的含量进行测定,色谱条件:Hypersil ODS(4.6mm×100mm,3μm)色谱柱,流动相为1%冰醋酸溶液-甲醇(62∶38),柱温为40℃,流速为0.6mL/min,检测波长为288nm。标准曲线为A=4.18×106 X+40109(r=0.9998,n=5),柚皮素进样量在0.0202～2.020μg间线性关系良好,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.56%(n=5),回收率为97.8%,重现性实验RSD为1.76%。该法适于瓦尼木层孔菌醇提物中柚皮素的含量测定。     

槲皮素单硫酸酯钠盐和柚皮素单硫酸酯钠盐对小鼠出血时间和凝血时间的影响

目的 了解槲皮素单硫酸酯钠盐(SQMS)和柚皮素单硫酸酯钠盐(SNMS)对小鼠出血时间(BT)和凝血时间(CT)的影响.方法80只昆明小鼠随机分成8组,即生理盐水组(阴性对照),低、中、高剂量SQMS和SNMS组,血栓通组(阳性对照),每组10只.BT及CT分别采用断尾法和玻片法观察.结果 SQMS和SNMS名-剂量组...     

Selective growth suppression of five annual plant species by chalcone and naringenin correlates with the total amount of 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase

The 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of lignin monomers. It has been demonstrated that the 4CL is a new potential target site for developing effective plant growth inhibitors. Although previous studies demonstrate that chalcone and naringenin differentially suppress the growth of several annual plant species, we show here that the compounds can inhibit the 4CL enzyme activity in the plants. The enzyme was extracted and partially purified from the leaf tissues of two tolerant plants (wheat and soybean) and three susceptible plants (tomato, barnyard grass, and common chickweed). A maximal 29-fold purification of the enzyme, with a yield of 32% (tomato), was achieved by a six-step procedure, including anion-exchange column chromatography. Naringenin strongly inhibited the 4CL specific activity in wheat, soybean and barnyard grass, whereas chalcone showed the highest inhibitory effect in common chickweed. A good correlation was observed between the level of growth suppression by the compounds and the total 4CL amount in the plants. These results suggest that the inhibitor treatment at the same concentration could not inactivate the entire 4CL enzyme produced in the tolerant plants. Taken together, these results highlight the possibility of the 4CL as a new action site of growth suppression.     

Influences of intercropping and nitrogen supply on flavonoid exudation in wheat roots

Abstract

Soil and hydroponic experiments were carried out to examine the influences of intercropping and nitrogen supply on flavonoid exudation in wheat roots. Both experiments comprising three cropping patterns (wheat intercropped with faba bean, monocropped wheat, and monocropped faba bean) and three N supply levels (deficient, adequate, and excessive) with three replicates in a randomized complete block design. Across two experiments, intercropping increased but N fertilization decreased flavonoids of wheat roots frequently. Intercropping variably increased secretion of naringenin from 0.5 to 1.9 folds (P?<?0.5) in wheat roots at all three N levels, but rarely increased secretion of genistein and hesperetin in wheat at the deficient N level. Intercropped wheat secreted more flavonoids than monocropped wheat at its tillering (60^th d) and flowering (95^th d) stages; after the flowering stage, however, the differences between intercropping and monocropping were not significant at any N level. Secretion of flavonoids in wheat roots decreased with increased N supply. Interspecies and N supply altered the contents and proportions of flavonoids in wheat root exudations under wheat and faba bean intercropping. These results indicate facilitative root–root interactions and provide insight into cereal promote nodule of legume in intercropping system.     

In vivo metabolic effects of naringenin in the ethanol consuming rat and the effect of naringenin on adipocytes in vitro

Naringenin is a bioactive flavanone involved in the inhibition of drug metabolism which exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancerogenic properties and which recently appeared to be a factor mitigating the hyperlipidaemic effects in rats and rabbits. In the performed experiment, the effect of naringenin, administered intragastrically (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks to normal and ethanol drinking rats, on insulin and leptin levels and on some metabolic parameters was investigated. Naringenin did not change the hormone levels in any group of rats. Blood glucose, triglyceride, total, esterified and free cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were also unaffected by this compound. Only free fatty acids were elevated after the naringenin treatment in the water-drinking rats. In spite of unchanged glucose and insulin concentrations in blood, the tested flavanone reduced the glucose/insulin ratio in ethanol-receiving rats. Liver triglycerides, elevated due to ethanol ingestion, were partially normalized by naringenin. Other tested parameters like liver glycogen and cholesterol, muscle triglycerides and glycogen were not altered in any group of rats. The influence of naringenin (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 microM) on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose conversion to lipids (lipogenesis) as well as on basal and epinephrine-stimulated glycerol release (lipolysis) in the isolated rat adipocytes was also tested. The basal and the stimulated lipogenesis tended to be decreased in the presence of the flavanone (250 microM). This inhibitory effect intensified and was statistically significant at the highest concentration of naringenin. The tested compound did not evoke any effect on basal lipolysis while the epinephrine-stimulated process was limited at the highest concentration of the flavanone. Naringenin (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 microM) had no effect on leptin secretion from the isolated rat adipocytes. Results obtained in our studies demonstrate that naringenin exerts a very weak influence on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of normal and ethanol-consuming rats and on metabolism of isolated rat adipocytes.     

Effect of naringenin on the growth and lignin biosynthesis of gramineous plants

Lignin biosynthesis is essential for plant growth. 4‐Coumarate CoA ligase (4‐CL, EC6.2.1.12) is involved in the monolignol synthesis and occupies a key role in regulating carbon flow into the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. Naringenin, one of the metabolites in this pathway, is known as a potent in vitro inhibitor of 4‐CL. The growth of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari), maize (Zea mays L. cv. Yellow corn) and Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing seedlings at the 2nd leaf stage was inhibited after continuous root application with 0.1 mmol L^?1 naringenin for 1 week, although naringenin did not kill these gramineous plants. The highest inhibition of fresh weight increase was observed in maize, followed by rice and E. oryzicola. The symptoms in these plants were root browning, delay of leaf/root development and shoot dwarfing. Naringenin treatment increased the contents of 4‐CL substrates, cinnamic acid, 4‐coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid from 1.2 to 7.2 times and from 1.2 to 3.5 times in shoots and roots, respectively, except for ferulic acid in E. oryzicola roots. It also caused a slight decrease of the lignin content and alteration of lignin constitutions in rice plants. These results suggested that the monolignol pathways after 4‐CL towards lignin has the possibility to be the novel action sites of plant growth retardants, although further investigations are needed to clarify the mode of action.