Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.     

从星球化到在地性：基于克莱因四元群模型的风景园林思潮研究计划

随着人类观察世界的能力大幅提升,设计与研究的尺度得到了极大拓展,星球化(planetarization)与在地性(locality)同时成为空间设计学科重点关注的议题,近年来涌现出多个新思潮。基于克莱因四元群模型构建的风景园林思潮研究计划旨在建立一套理论框架以对不同研究实践进行更系统的讨论分析,为国内风景园林学科与行业带来新的思考,并运用新理论框架重点介绍了4个风景园林思潮,包括星球城市化背景下的风景园林理论、新地理视角中的空间叙事、关注本土议题的风景园林研究以及直觉导向的在地探索。     

植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株，采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质；影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种；影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟，以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质，生根效果最好，生根率为70.00%，平均根长为8.85 cm，平均根数为10.22条/穗；Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟，以腐叶土+蛭石为基质，生根效果较好，生根率为56.67%，平均根长为9.32 cm，平均根数为12.33条/穗；Coolidge品种生根率低，均≤20 %。     

Conservation needs for the endangered New Zealand sea lion,Phocarctos hookeri

1. Understanding population size and trend is critical information in species management and conservation. To enable accurate population trend estimates, consistent robust monitoring of a species is essential, particularly for a species such as the New Zealand (NZ) sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri , which has experienced an almost continuous decline in pup production since the late 1990s.
2. This research examines the pup production estimates for all known breeding sites for this species, and using a stage‐structured matrix population model, estimates population size and trend between 1995 and 2015.
3. Overall, it is estimated that 2,316 pups were born in 2015, a decrease of 13% since 1995 and a 27% decline since the highest pup production estimate in 1998. This decline has been driven by the significant decline of 48% at the main breeding area, the Auckland Islands since 1998.
4. Using the stage‐structured matrix population model a total species population size of 11,767 sea lions (95% CrI: 10,790–12,923) was estimated. This is the lowest population size of any sea lion species. Trend data for the Auckland Islands indicated that pup and population numbers have decreased at 1.9% yr^?1 in the last 20 yr, while total species population decline is 0.6% yr^?1.
5. Estimates of population trends for this species have been hindered by inconsistent monitoring at most breeding sites. This study strengthens the growing field of research highlighting the need for consistent long‐term monitoring for the conservation management of endangered species.

     

行星变速机构换挡变胞与其构态属性自动识别

针对数学表征行星变速机构换挡变胞过程及自动识别各挡位构态属性较难的问题，首先，解析了行星变速机构变胞理论，基于机构转换法定义相对转速意义下行星排构件间运动副约束函数的转换规则，构建以约束函数为元素的行星变速机构构件和关联关系的邻接矩阵；然后，根据换挡逻辑分析了操纵离合器和制动器的换挡变胞过程，基于邻接矩阵分别推导这两种换挡构态演变的变胞方程，建立包含行星排空转和整体回转等特殊构态的判别准则，结合实例分析揭示换挡变胞机理；最后，通过建立相对转速方程和行星变速机构特性参数识别，结合行星变速机构等效拓扑模型的约束条件，提出了基于构态变胞方程的行星变速机构传动比和转矩自动建模和求解方法，实现了行星变速机构各挡位构态属性的自动识别。以某拖拉机行星变速器为例进行了分析，验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

有机基质臭氧消毒设备设计与试验

为实现有机基质的绿色、高效消毒,设计了有机基质臭氧消毒设备。基于离散元软件EDEM建立了有机基质颗粒模型,根据有机质物料输送及抛撒动力学特性与臭氧消毒工艺流程,利用Solid Works软件构建了有机基质臭氧消毒设备结构模型,并对两种模型进行接触参数标定。以有机基质倾尽角为评价指标,以抄板弯折角、转筒转速、填充率为试验因素,进行了三因素五水平正交旋转组合仿真试验。根据仿真结果,利用Design-Expert软件回归分析法建立倾尽角回归数学模型,对有机基质臭氧消毒设备模型中的抄板弯折角、转筒转速、填充率进行了参数优化与试验验证。结果表明,在各因素取值范围内,抄板弯折角对有机基质倾尽角影响极显著,转筒转速对倾尽角影响显著,填充率对倾尽角影响不显著;有机基质臭氧消毒装置最优作业参数组合为:抄板弯折角124.23°、转筒转速6.29 r/min,此时物料倾尽角仿真值为89.3°。臭氧消毒灭菌性能试验验证结果为:臭氧初始质量浓度64.2 mg/m~3,消毒60 min后,细菌灭菌率88.9%,真菌灭菌率97.9%,能够满足有机基质消毒生产要求。     

内蒙古乌拉特高原荒漠原生树种蒙古扁桃容器育苗试验研究

蒙古扁桃是蒙古高原的一种孑遗植物,是国家三级保护植物,具有药用、饲用和巨大的生态价值。为了保护蒙古扁桃这一珍贵天然资源,开展了蒙古扁桃的容器育苗试验,总结繁育蒙古扁桃苗木的经验。试验在巴彦淖尔乌拉特后旗的呼和温都尔镇乌兰哈少嘎查进行。通过对蒙古扁桃容器育苗的试验,总结出了一套适用于西部干旱地区的蒙古扁桃繁育技术。     

Precipitation forecasting by large-scale climate indices and machine learning techniques

Global warming is one of the most complicated challenges of our time causing considerable tension on our societies and on the environment. The impacts of global warming are felt unprecedentedly in a wide variety of ways from shifting weather patterns that threatens food production, to rising sea levels that deteriorates the risk of catastrophic flooding. Among all aspects related to global warming, there is a growing concern on water resource management. This field is targeted at preventing future water crisis threatening human beings. The very first stage in such management is to recognize the prospective climate parameters influencing the future water resource conditions. Numerous prediction models, methods and tools, in this case, have been developed and applied so far. In line with trend, the current study intends to compare three optimization algorithms on the platform of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network to explore any meaningful connection between large-scale climate indices (LSCIs) and precipitation in the capital of Iran, a country which is located in an arid and semi-arid region and suffers from severe water scarcity caused by mismanagement over years and intensified by global warming. This situation has propelled a great deal of population to immigrate towards more developed cities within the country especially towards Tehran. Therefore, the current and future environmental conditions of this city especially its water supply conditions are of great importance. To tackle this complication an outlook for the future precipitation should be provided and appropriate forecasting trajectories compatible with this region's characteristics should be developed. To this end, the present study investigates three training methods namely backpropagation (BP), genetic algorithms (GAs), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms on a MLP platform. Two frameworks distinguished by their input compositions are denoted in this study: Concurrent Model Framework (CMF) and Integrated Model Framework (IMF). Through these two frameworks, 13 cases are generated: 12 cases within CMF, each of which contains all selected LSCIs in the same lead-times, and one case within IMF that is constituted from the combination of the most correlated LSCIs with Tehran precipitation in each lead-time. Following the evaluation of all model performances through related statistical tests, Taylor diagram is implemented to make comparison among the final selected models in all three optimization algorithms, the best of which is found to be MLP-PSO in IMF.     

狂犬病病毒HEP-Flury M基因重排后在小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞中的表型分析

【目的】探究狂犬病病毒HEP-Flury M基因重排对基因转录和蛋白表达的影响,揭示病毒在小鼠神经母细胞瘤(NA)细胞中的表型变化与M基因重排的相关性。【方法】通过荧光定量PCR、Western blot以及病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散试验,对亲本毒株rHEP-Flury和M基因重排毒株M2、M4在NA细胞中的基因转录、表达、生长和扩散进行比较。【结果】狂犬病病毒结构基因的转录和表达主要受病毒基因组RNA合成的影响,但是在一个完整转录过程中单个结构基因的转录比例与其所在位置相关,M基因重排病毒的Leader RNA (LeRNA)和L mRNA的转录比例显著高于亲本毒株rHEP-Flury。M基因重排病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散都劣于亲本毒株rHEPFlury。【结论】狂犬病病毒亲本毒株rHEP-Flury具有狂犬病病毒原始的基因组顺序,在NA细胞中的生长和扩散都明显优于M基因重排病毒。结构基因在基因组中的位置主要决定其在一次转录过程中的转录比例,进而影响病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散。     

板栗中毒死蜱农药残留检测结果满意度的研究

本文就如何保证农产品农药残留能力验证实验结果满意需要注意几个关键点进行探讨分析。要想通过板栗中毒死蜱农残的能力验证,样品前处理采用NY/T 761的方法,必须注意：提取液的过滤要用定性滤纸或脱脂棉,提取液过滤后静置时间控制在30 min～40 min之间,吸取10 mL乙腈液体要准确,净化步骤的水浴温度要严格按照方法要求,氮吹切记不要吹的太干,吹到潮乎乎为宜,SPE小柱的活化平衡要充分,上样时液面不能流干,上样后尽可能流干再洗脱,最后定容5.00 mL要准确。检测结束后,对结果进行验证很重要,可采用盲样的空白基质基质配标和空白基质基质加标画标准曲线两种办法。