白果壳遗态HAP/C复合材料对水中氨氮的吸附

为综合利用农林废弃物，以白果壳为植物模板、羟基磷灰石（HAP）为改性材料，制备了白果壳遗态HAP/C复合材料（PBGC-HAP/C-G），并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）等对其进行了表征，同时研究了溶液pH、初始浓度、吸附剂投加量等对其去除水中氨氮的影响。结果表明，PBGC-HAP/C-G是一种大孔材料，孔径主要介于35~200 μm之间。在溶液pH=5时，吸附效果最佳；吸附剂投加量的增加有利于氨氮的去除；粒径大小不是影响吸附效果的主要因素。准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型能很好地描述该吸附过程，吸附过程以化学吸附为主。在氨氮初始浓度为20、50、100 mg·L^-1时，拟合计算得到的理论平衡吸附量分别为0.45、1.10、2.15 mg·g^-1，与实验测定值0.46、1.15、2.18 mg·g^-1相近，可见PBGC-HAP/C-G可用作去除氨氮的吸附剂。     

石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对烟草吸收镉的影响

为了探讨施用不同钝化剂对烟草吸收富集镉的效果,采用盆栽试验研究了石灰、硅酸钠和羟基磷灰石对Pb-Cd复合污染土壤上的烟草镉吸收富集的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值均随3种钝化剂用量的增大而升高,而土壤有效镉(DTPA-提取)含量则随之降低。土壤有效镉的最大降幅分别为:32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理(52.4%)16 g/kg石灰处理(37.0%)12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理(14.1%)。3种钝化剂都降低了烟株各部位镉的含量,其对烟叶镉含量的平均最大降幅分别为87%(16 g/kg石灰处理),74.7%(12.5 g/kg硅酸钠处理)和82.2%(32 g/kg羟基磷灰石处理)。石灰和羟基磷灰石对镉在根-茎之间的转移无显著影响,而硅酸钠则显著降低了镉在根-茎之间的转移。综上,镉污染的植烟土壤可以施用这些钝化剂以降低烟叶中镉的含量。     

Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite prepared by an aqueous solution combustion technique in healing bone defects of goat

The present study was undertaken to evaluate porous hydroxyapatite (HAp), the powder of which was prepared by a novel aqueous solution combustion technique, as a bone substitute in healing bone defects in vivo, as assessed by radiologic and histopathologic methods, oxytetracycline labeling, and angiogenic features in Bengal goat. Bone defects were created in the diaphysis of the radius and either not filled (group I) or filled with a HAp strut (group II). The radiologic study in group II showed the presence of unabsorbed implants which acted as a scaffold for new bone growth across the defect, and the quality of healing of the bone defect was almost indistinguishable from the control group, in which the defect was more or less similar, although the newly formed bony tissue was more organized when HAp was used. Histologic methods showed complete normal ossification with development of Haversian canals and well-defined osteoblasts at the periphery in group II, whereas the control group had moderate fibro-collagenization and an adequate amount of marrow material, fat cells, and blood vessels. An oxytetracycline labeling study showed moderate activity of new bone formation with crossing-over of new bone trabeculae along with the presence of resorption cavities in group II, whereas in the control group, the process of new bone formation was active from both ends and the defect site appeared as a homogenous non-fluoroscent area. Angiograms of the animals in the control group showed uniform angiogenesis in the defect site with establishment of trans-transplant angiogenesis, whereas in group II there was complete trans-transplant shunting of blood vessel communication. Porous HAp ceramic prepared by an aqueous combustion technique promoted bone formation over the defect, confirming their biologic osteoconductive property.     

羟基磷灰石纳米粒子运载Stat3 shRNA对鼠胶质瘤C6细胞的促凋亡效应

目的探讨羟基磷灰石纳米粒子运载Star3 shRNA对鼠胶质瘤C6细胞的促凋亡作用,并探讨相关机制．方法羟基磷灰石纳米粒子包被的Stat3 shRNA转染到c6胶质瘤细胞内,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,应用流式细胞术及吖啶橙染色观察细胞周期分布及凋亡情况,TUNEL染色观察细胞的凋亡及增殖情况．结果羟基磷灰石纳米粒子运载Star3 shRNA转染C6细胞后,呈时间依赖性抑制C6细胞生长和增殖．通过流式细胞术检测证实：该质粒可使细胞阻滞在细胞周期的GO／G1期,细胞凋亡率明显增加（P＜0．05）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;吖啶橙及TUNEL染色发现其明显促进细胞凋亡（P＜0．05）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;结论羟基磷灰石纳米粒子运载Stat3 shRNA体外可明显抑制胶质瘤C6细胞增殖,并促进其凋亡,是治疗胶质瘤较理想的方法．     

用于电泳沉积涂层的羟基磷灰石粉体沉淀法制备

以磷酸铵和硝酸钙为反应前驱物,采用沉淀法在室温下合成纯度高并且具有良好电泳性能的羟基磷灰石粉末,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对所合成的羟基磷灰石进行表征。研究结果表明:在合成过程中不断添加1∶1(体积比)氨水使反应体系的pH值处于11附近可获得组成符合羟基磷灰石化学计量的沉淀产物,沉淀产物经过72h陈化处理后多数颗粒的粒度为2~4μm,电泳性能良好;合成产物经800℃以上高温煅烧后能得到纯净的羟基磷灰石,在1200℃下煅烧2h未发现羟基磷灰石分解。     

粉末活性炭联合柱层析法纯化藻蓝蛋白的研究

以巢湖新鲜蓝藻藻泥为原料，通过冻融破壁的方法获得藻蓝蛋白粗提液，采用粉末活性炭法-羟基磷灰石柱层析法纯化藻蓝蛋白。在粉状活性炭法的研究中，通过单因素试验研究了粒径、添加量、藻蓝蛋白浓度和时间对藻蓝蛋白的提纯效果，并与羟基磷灰石柱层析法联用以优化高纯度藻蓝蛋白的提取纯化工艺组合。结果表明，粉末活性炭法纯化藻蓝蛋白的最优条件是粒径400~500目，藻蓝蛋白浓度1.0 mg·mL^-1，添加量100 g·L^-1和吸附时间15 min，经羟基磷灰石柱层析法纯化后，藻蓝蛋白纯度可达4.51，回收率为36%。     

Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil amendments to remediation of a heavy metal-contaminated soil using sweet sorghum

Owing to their potential advantages such as waste reduction, recycling, and economic attributes, fast-growing bioenergy crops have the capacity to effectively phytoremediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, little is known about the role of microbial and chemical amendments in phytoremediation using bioenergy crops. Here, we studied the contributions of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Acaulospora mellea ZZ and three soil amendments, i.e., hydroxyapatite (HAP), manure, and biochar, at doses of 0.1% and 1% (weight:weight) to heavy metal phytoremediation using sweet sorghum grown on an abandoned agricultural soil, with environmentally realistic contamination (2.6 mg kg^-1 Cd, 1 796 mg kg^-1 Pb, and 1 603 mg kg^-1 Zn), in a plant growth chamber. Mycorrhizal colonization, plant biomass and metal accumulation, metal availability, and soil pH were determined in harvested seedlings 12 weeks after sowing. The results showed that root colonization by indigenous AMF decreased by 28%-46% with HAP, but increased after manure and biochar applications as compared to the no amendment control (CK). The AMF inoculation increased root colonization rates by 16%-128% and in particular, alleviated the inhibition of HAP. The remediation effects were highly dependent on the amendment type and dose. Among the three soil amendments, HAP was the most effective in promoting plant growth and phytostabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn and phytoextraction of Cd, particularly at a dose of 1%. Compared to CK, 1% HAP decreased DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in soil by 31%-43%, 30%-38%, and 22%-23%, respectively. Manure and biochar also exerted positive effects on heavy metal immobilization, as indicated by lower DTPA extractability, but only the 1% manure treatment showed plant growth-promoting effect. The AMF inoculation did not affect plant growth, but increased soil pH and induced synergistic interactions with amendments on the immobilization of Cd and Pb. In conclusion, soil amendments, particularly HAP, produced positive impacts and synergistic interactions with AMF on the phytostabilization of heavy metals using sweet sorghum. Accordingly, sweet sorghum combined with soil amendments and AMF may be an effective strategy for heavy metal phytoremediation.     

模拟酸雨对羟基磷灰石稳定化污染土壤磷/镉释放的影响

通过室内土柱淋溶实验,以0.5%的质量比向镉污染土壤中添加羟基磷灰石(HAP),考察p H值为3.5、4.5和5.6的模拟酸雨对土壤磷和镉释放的影响。结果表明:淋出液p H随着酸雨p H降低逐渐下降,HAP处理使淋出液p H较未处理土壤淋出液显著增加0.3~1.5个单位。淋出液总磷和正磷酸盐含量均随酸雨p H的降低而增加,且HAP处理显著增加了淋出液中总磷和正磷酸盐含量;总磷含量在第1~3 L和4~6 L分别是《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)五类水标准(总磷含量0.4 mg·L-1)的2.70~3.55倍和1.25~2.15倍,对地表水表现出较大的富营养化风险。较未处理土壤,HAP处理显著降低了淋出液中Cd含量,随酸雨p H降低,未处理土壤淋出液Cd含量逐渐增加,而HAP处理土壤淋出液Cd含量逐渐降低。因此,HAP能够显著减少酸雨淋溶对污染土壤中Cd的淋失,但需防止磷素释放造成地表水体富营养化。     

混合无机改良剂对酸性多重金属污染土壤的改良效应

为筛选适合于治理和修复酸性多金属污染土壤的无机混合改良剂,通过正交土壤培育实验,研究了不同剂量的石灰石、沸石和羟基磷灰石组配的混合改良剂对广东省韶关市大宝山周边的酸性多金属污染土壤的改良作用,根据其提高土壤p H和固定土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的效果,从中筛选出效果较好的6种混合改良剂配方,并以红油麦菜为供试植物进行盆栽试验。土壤培育实验显示,15种混合改良剂均显著提高了土壤p H,对土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd有很好的固定效果。统计分析显示,混合改良剂对土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn固化效果的影响依次为石灰石>羟基磷灰石>沸石,对Cu固化效果影响依次为石灰石>沸石>羟基磷灰石。盆栽试验发现:6种无机混合改良剂显著增加了土壤p H值,降低了Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb的有效态含量,且土壤p H值和Cd、Cu、Zn的有效态含量呈显著负相关。当土壤p H为6~7时,红油麦菜的生长健康,其中混合改良剂(4 g·kg-1沸石+2 g·kg-1石灰石+6 g·kg-1羟基磷灰石)处理后,红油麦菜可食部分的生物量最高。当土壤施加改良剂的用量过大、土壤p H过高时(处理A与B),植物的生长状态较差。虽然混合改良剂显著降低了土壤中Pb、Cd的有效态含量,但红油麦菜地上部的Cd含量均显著超过食品卫生标准,Pb含量超过或接近食品卫生标准。因此,石灰石、沸石和羟基磷灰石混合无机改良剂在改善红油麦菜的生长和提高产量上有很大效果,但不能保障红油麦菜在大宝山周边的酸性多金属污染土壤上的安全生产。     

用于电泳沉积涂层的羟基磷灰石粉体沉淀法制备

以磷酸铵和硝酸钙为反应前驱物,采用沉淀法在室温下合成纯度高并且具有良好电泳性能的羟基磷灰石粉末,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对所合成的羟基磷灰石进行表征。研究结果表明:在合成过程中不断添加1:1(体积比)氨水使反应体系的 pH 值处于11附近可获得组成符合羟基磷灰石化学计量的沉淀产物,沉淀产物经过72h 陈化处理后多数颗粒的粒度为2～4μm,电泳性能良好;合成产物经800℃以上高温煅烧后能得到纯净的羟基磷灰石,在1200℃下煅烧2h 未发现羟基磷灰石分解。