基于GlobeLand 30的哈密市2000-2020年土地利用格局变化研究

[目的]研究新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市近20 a的土地利用变化,为该地区土地利用规划及生态环境保护提供有力支撑。[方法]基于2000,2010,2020年的GlobeLand 30数据集,通过利用转移矩阵、坡度分布指数、标准差椭圆以及土地利用重心迁移,分析哈密市2000-2020年土地利用的时空变化特征。[结果]①哈密市2000-2020年土地利用变化比较明显。2020年各土地利用类型面积比例为:未利用地>草地>耕地>林地>建设用地>水域。哈密市虽然面积大但能利用的绿洲面积较小。2020年草地面积为10226.39 km²,水域面积为295.17 km²。2000-2020年土地利用类型变化量中,草地的减少量最大,流失面积为671.48 km²,主要转换成未利用地、林地和少量耕地;建设用地增量最大,面积高达405.60 km²。2000-2020年其他土地利用类型中林地和耕地面积呈增长趋势;未利用地和水域呈减少趋势,其中水域面积的减少量很小,基本保持稳定。②2000-2020年草地在5个坡度梯度上分布比较均匀;而耕地和建设用地基本分布在Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级坡度梯度,耕地在Ⅰ级坡度梯度上显优势分布;林地在Ⅰ级坡度梯度上面积最大;未利用地分布面积随着坡度梯度的增加而减少。③2010-2020年土地利用变化与2000-2010时段的变化相比方向性较明显,范围更广,重心向西北方向迁移。[结论]2000-2020年哈密市的土地利用变化有着明显的时空特征,坡度对各地类分布的影响较为明显。     

木荷的经济价值及培育措施

指出了木荷是云南的珍贵树种,种源稀少,通过森林资源调查,发现了南华县雨露乡铅厂村委会有部分零星资源分布,保护种质资源,意义重大。通过梳理,阐述了木荷资源在南华县的分布特征、经济价值和园林应用,提出了充分利用木荷资源的具体措施,制定了种苗培育的实施方案,以有利于城市绿化建设,创建秀美河山。     

Projecting future habitat quality of three midwestern reservoir fishes under warming conditions

Rising temperatures caused by climate change are likely to affect cool‐water and warm‐water fishes differently. Yet, forecasts of anticipated temperature effects on fishes of different thermal guilds are lacking, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Towards this end, we used spatially explicit, growth rate potential (GRP) models to project changes in seasonal habitat quality for a warm‐water piscivore (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides), a cool‐water piscivore (walleye Sander vitreus) and a hybrid piscivore (saugeye S. vitreus × S. canadensis) in two Midwestern reservoirs. We assessed habitat quality for two periods (early and middle 21st century) under two realistic greenhouse gas emission scenarios (a mid‐century emissions peak and a rapid continuous increase in emissions). Largemouth bass were projected to experience enhanced or slightly reduced habitat during all seasons, and throughout the mid‐21st century. By contrast, walleye habitat was projected to decline with anticipated warming, except during the spring in the smaller of our two study reservoirs and during the fall in the larger of our two study reservoirs. Saugeye habitat was projected to either increase modestly or decline slightly during the spring and fall and declines in habitat quality and quantity that were smaller than those for walleye were identified during summer. Collectively, our findings indicate that climate warming will differentially alter habitat suitability for reservoir piscivores, favouring warm‐water species over cool‐water species. We expect these changes in habitat quality to impact the dynamics of reservoir fish populations to varying degrees necessitating the consideration of climate when making future management decisions.     

岩溶流域典型农业区水体氢氧同位素的空间异质性及形成机制

分别于平水期和枯水期采集了花溪河流域典型农业区地表水和地下水样品。利用氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合土地利用类型对研究区不同水体的补给来源、季节变化及主要影响过程进行了分析,并对不同水体氢氧同位素值进行了空间插值分析,同时对其形成机制进行了分析,阐明了不同土地利用类型影响下的主要水文过程。结果表明:(1)研究区不同水体的主要补给来源为当地大气降水,月亮湖水库受蒸发作用影响明显,地表水和地下水的δD和δ~(18)O整体上呈现平水期高于枯水期的特征。(2)地下水的δD和δ~(18)O在枯水期与平水期均呈现明显的空间分异性特征,西部水田/水库集中区富集,东部旱地集中区贫化,土地利用对研究区环境水文过程影响明显。该研究结果有助于了解不同土地利用方式下地表水对地下水的影响,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

墨脱县农田土壤养分现状与分布特征

本研究利用2017年墨脱县农田测土配方项目土壤调查数据,运用地统计学方法研究了墨脱县耕层土壤有机质(SOM)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)养分含量现状及分布特征,以期为墨脱县耕地土壤科学合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:当前墨脱全县土壤SOM、AN、AP和AK平均含量为89.18 g/kg、201.25 mg/kg、11.23 mg/kg、313.17 mg/kg;90%的土壤样本有机质含量处于丰富水平;83%的土壤样本碱解氮含量处于丰富、稍丰等级;84%的土壤样本速效磷含量在中等及中等以下肥力水平;46%的土壤样本速效钾含量处于中等及以下水平。从空间分布来看,土壤SOM、AK总体上呈现西高东低,AN含量由北至南呈升高趋势,土壤AP整体上没有明显的空间变化规律。墨脱县耕地土壤养分整体表现为有机质含量丰富,氮素养分较丰富,磷素养分缺乏现象普遍,钾素养分部分区域缺乏。为提升墨脱县耕地土壤肥力水平,各乡镇应该因地制宜进行土壤培肥。     

面向资源发现的联合目录体系构建研究

[目的/意义]分析联合目录在资源发现中的功能作用,优化联合目录体系,提升资源发现服务效益。[方法/过程]通过调研国外典型联合目录建设现状,分析联合目录建设发展特征,结合中国文献资源建设现状提出构建新型联合目录体系,自下而上包括协调运行层、系统工具层、数据汇交层、数据管理层和数据服务层。[结果/结论]面向发现服务的联合目录体系特征突出表现在3个方面,参建主体多样化、建设对象同时涵盖印本资源和电子资源,数据、系统和服务的开放性得到明显强化,与数字出版时代的发展要求相一致,能够在一定程度上打破资源发现服务中的馆藏壁垒,进一步推动文献资源的共享利用。     

我国内蒙古西部地区国有林场经营现状与发展问题探析

国有林场在内蒙古林业生态建设中具有骨架作用,是祖国生态安全屏障的重要组成部分与支撑点,也是贯彻落实生态文明建设,践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念不可或缺的重要实施主体。在深入了解与掌握内蒙古自治区西部地区6个市国有林场经营现状的基础上,总结归纳了内蒙古西部地区国有林场经营的特点,深入分析了内蒙古西部地区国有林场面临的问题与困境,并探讨解决这些问题的途径,为国有林场今后的发展提出了合理化建议。     

Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.