Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China

Excessive use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter(DM) or leaf dry matter(LDM) and stem dry matter(SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index(LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen(N_c) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels(0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha-1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration(PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the N_c curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The N_c dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index(NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit(N_(and)) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha~(-1) during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The N_c curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.     

1-MCP对猕猴桃后熟质地品质的临界浓度研究

为探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对猕猴桃后熟质地品质作用效果的差异,寻找适宜的1-MCP临界使用浓度,研究通过应用质地多面分析(TPA)测试法,以"贵长"猕猴桃为试材,比较不同处理果肉质地品质差异和好果率,分析各质地参数之间相关性,并且用主成分分析法进行综合评价。结果表明:0.75μL/L和0.50μL/L 1-MCP处理均能够更好地保持猕猴桃货架期的好果率;果实的咀嚼性、弹性、硬度、回复性和凝聚性相互之间都有较好的相关性,但黏着性与其他指标相关性较差,所以用咀嚼性、弹性、硬度、回复性和凝聚性作为评价猕猴桃果实质购性能的主要参数。与对照比较,6种浓度1-MCP处理中,0.75μL/L 1-MCP的处理对维持猕猴桃后熟质地品质效果最好,其次是0.50μL/L1-MCP处理,两组处理均能够延缓果实硬度并且使果实正常后熟。而高浓度(1.50μL/L和1.25μL/L)的1-MCP对猕猴桃果实后熟质地的保持效果较差,出现"僵尸果"现象。另外综合主成分分析显示,货架末期(9 d)时,不同处理猕猴桃质地品质从高到低的排列顺序为:0.75μL/L0.50μL/L1.00μL/L0.25μL/L1.25μL/L1.50μL/L0μL/L。因此,从经济和后熟质地品质考虑,采后用0.50～0.75μL/L1-MCP来处理猕猴桃对保持果实质地品质的效果最好。     

Lactate Kinetics in veterinary Critical Care: A Review

Elevation in blood lactate concentration, with or without accompanying metabolic acidosis, is a hallmark finding in patients with circulatory compromise, and is also consistently noted in other conditions affecting critically ill or injured individuals. Little is reported in a veterinary literature regarding lactate measurement in the emergency and critical care setting, despite impressive reports of the clinical usefulness of lactate measurement in people. The purpose of this article is to review lactate kinetics and the clinical utility of lactate measurement. Limitations to lactate evaluation will also be discussed.     

五种豆科牧草耐盐临界值、极限值的研究

针对黄淮海２０００ｋｍ２内陆盐碱地，经２年时间，用盆栽实验方法进行研究，确定出五种豆科牧草耐盐临界值和极限值。其中保定苜蓿、猎人河苜蓿、红豆草这三种豆科牧草耐盐临界值为０．４％，极限值为０．５％。草木樨耐盐临界值为０．３％，极限值为０．４％。沙打旺耐盐临界值０．２％，极限值为０．３％。     

两端不等弯矩作用下薄壁梁柱的弯扭屈曲

本文采用Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｒｉｔｚ法求解两端不等弯矩作用下单轴对称开口薄壁截面梁柱弯扭屈曲临界荷载，分析中考虑了三种常见的边界条件以及屈曲前变形的影响，将本文弯扭屈由临界荷载理论值与试验值比较，吻合较好。     

芪蓝抗毒饮治疗鸡传染性法氏囊病的剂量研究

比较了芪蓝抗毒饮三种剂量和中剂量三种给药次数对雏鸡实验性传染性法氏囊病的疗效。结果表明，中剂量和发病后该剂量每天给药1次、连续4天的疗效最好。     

麦蚜对吡虫啉的敏感性及吡虫啉有效用量的评价

室内测定结果表明 ,禾谷缢管蚜对吡虫啉的敏感性比麦长管蚜高 ,其LC₅₀之比为1∶3左右。田间试验结果明确 ,吡虫啉持效性好 ,其持效期与吡虫啉用量和麦蚜种类有关。小麦穗蚜发生始盛期是吡虫啉防治麦蚜的最佳时期 ,防治禾谷缢管蚜最佳有效用药量为1g/667m²,麦长管蚜为2g/667m²。     

一种监测棉铃虫对Bt杀虫晶体蛋白抗性的技术

研究了以诊断试剂盒监测棉铃虫对苏云金杆菌(Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白(ICP)抗性的技术。将1日龄幼虫在含诊断剂量的饲料中(每毫升饲料含Bt ICP0.01mg)取食7天,以生长至3龄以上的个体作为抗性个体的判断指标;筛选出人工饲料中防腐剂剂量的最佳值为每350毫升饲料中含丙酸2.5ml。经对多个棉铃虫不同抗性种群的验证试验,证明诊断试剂盒检测抗性个体频率较为精确且应用简便。     

Effect of air temperature, rain and drought on hot water weed control

The influence of rain and drought before, and air temperature during, weed control with hot water was studied in laboratory experiments on the test weed Sinapis alba (white mustard). The plants were grown in a greenhouse and treated outdoors. There was no difference in weed control effect when S. alba plants at the four‐leaf stage were treated at the air temperatures 7°C and 18^°C. The effective energy dose for a 90% fresh weight reduction was 465 kJ m^?2 for both air temperatures. Weed control of S. alba at the four‐ to six‐leaf stage in rainfall above the rainwater run‐off level increased the required effective energy dose by 20% (i.e. 120 kJ m^?2) compared with dry plants. A short period of drought just before treatment on S. alba at the two‐ to four‐leaf stage increased the plant fresh weight reduction, which was 22% at low energy dose (190 kJ m^?2) and 44% at high energy dose (360 kJ m^?2). Hot water weed control should thus be carried out when the plants are drought stressed and avoided when the plants are wet. The air temperature seems to be of little importance in the range 7–18^°C.