浅谈国有林场森林分类经营

本文结合大兴安岭地区加格达奇林业局国有林场的实际经营情况，论述了国有林场实行森林分类经营的必要性、并对经营管理体制与措施进行了探讨。     

Phytophthora urerae sp. nov., a new clade 1c relative of the Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans from South America

An unknown Phytophthora species was discovered in the central Peruvian Andes on blighted foliage of the native South American plant species Urera lacineata. Urera is a genus of native flowering shrubs in the nettle family Urticaceae. This new taxon Phytophthora urerae sp. nov. is herewith formally described based on extensive morphological analysis, phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial loci, and AFLP analysis. Phytophthora urerae sp. nov. is a close relative of the Irish famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and only the third clade 1c taxon described from South America to date. In contrast to the clade 1c taxon Phytophthora andina, first described in South America as a hybrid, P. urerae does not appear to be a hybrid based on cloning and sequencing nuclear loci. Findings of new species in South America may provide novel insights into the origin and evolutionary history of clade 1c Phytophthora species.     

Study and Practice of Safety Grade Assessment for Large Convention and Exhibition Centre

This paper takes "how to estimate the complex security of Large Convention and Exhibition Centre effectively" as the research goal.Based on analyzing the difficulties,target system,technical constitution,probing into the architecture,safety science,and using for reference the mathematics,operational research,statistics and modern system theory and method,trying to explore establishing an evaluation methodological system,which is provided with integrated characters on subject.Based on these ways,it exerts "quality to quantity" fuzzy analytical hierarchy process(FAHP) and aims at discussing the safety grade assessment of the Chongqing International Conference Exhibition Center focusing on designing theories.The aim is to enhance the integration of design practice and safe consciousness,strengthen the building safety management,and perfect city public security system.In practice,it is also an efficient tool for favoring values of architectural environmental safety.     

悬挂犁传统受力分析方法的质疑和计算机辅助分析

对悬挂犁受力分析的传统方法提出了质疑，并从理论上分析了存在问题的原因。用解析方法建立了悬挂犁受力方程组，编制了计算机程序，依靠计算结果，探讨了各因素变化对悬挂犁所受作用力和力偶矩的影响。     

关于光学系统光心的商榷

文章主要探讨和阐述了光学系统中的光心如何确定、如何定义、如何计算,并明确指出了确定光心的重要性和实际意义.     

基于决策支持的棉库管理系统设计与实现

根据棉库管理的业务需要,规划设计了基于决策支持的棉库管理系统平台总体框架。阐述了系统的平台架构及组成,分析了系统软件组成结构、系统开发工具及技术的选择、人机对话系统设计等系统的实现。     

高速公路恢复中线的坐标放线法

高速公路施工过程中。中线恢复至关重要。本文介绍了一种与传统方法相比具有快速、准确、方便,而且不易受障碍物影响、无丈量累积误差的坐标放线法。并重点阐述了坐标放线法的原理。坐标计算的方法及发展前景。     

Reactions on Nicotiana species to potato viruses A,X and Y and tobacco mosaic virus in relation to their taxonomy and geographical origin

When testing the response of species of the genusNicotiana to 14 isolates of potato viruses A (PVA), X (PVX) and Y (PVY) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), sections and section parts of the genus could be divided into five groups according to the overall reaction of their species. Species from arid regions of australia and belonging to the sectionSuaveolentes (subgenusPetunioides) were most sensitive and least resistant, whereas the sectionsPaniculatae (subgenusRustica),Tomentosae (Tabacum) andNoctiflorae (Petunioides) appeared least sensitive and most resistant. Sixty-one percent of the accessions of the latter sections proved resistant to at least two of the viruses. The most resistant species have their main geographical distribution in the central Andes (southern Peru, Bolivia and north-western Argentina), where the viruses may have originated. One other resistant species wasN. africana (Suaveolentes) indigenous to south-western Africa. The most sensitive American sections, viz.Genuinae (Tabacum) andTrigonophyllae, Alatae, Acuminatae andBigelovianae (Petunioides), were generally more sensitive than species of theSuaveolentes section from outside the arid regions of Australia. The remaining part of the genus, viz. the American sectionsThyrsiflorae andRusticae (Rustica) andUndulatae, Repandea andNudicaules (Petunioides) was intermediate between the latter group ofSuaveolentes species and the resistant group of sections with regard to sensitivity and resistance, but had a high rate of tolerance to PVA, PVX and PVY and of hypersensitivity-associated resistance to TMV. The results indicate that the viral respons in the genusNicotiana is mainly determined geographically and to a lesser extent taxonomically.Samenvatting Na inoculatie van een grote collectieNicotiana-soorten met 14 isolaten van de aardappelvirussen A (PVA), X (PVX) en Y (PVY) en tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV), konden de secties of sectiedelen van het genus op basis van de gemiddelde reactie van hun soorten in vijf groepen worden verdeeld. Soorten uit Australische woestijngebieden en taxonomisch behorend tot de sectieSuaveolentes (subgenusPetunioides) bleken het meest gevoelig en het minst resistent, terwijl de sectiesPaniculatae (subgenusRustica),Tomentosae (Tabacum) enNoctiflorae (Petunioides) het minst gevoelig en het meest resistent waren. Van de collectienummers van de laatstgenoemde secties bleek 61% resistentie tegen minstens twee van de virussen te bezitten. De meest resistente soorten hebben hun verspreidingsgebied vooral in het centrale deel van het Andesgebergte (het zuidelijk deel van Peru, Bolivia en noord-westelijk Argentinië). Mogelijk is dit het ontstaansgebied van deze virussen. De einge andere resistente soort wasN. africana (Suaveolentes) uit zuid-westelijk Afrika. De meest gevoelige Amerikaanse secties, te wetenGenuinae (Tabacum) enTrigonophyllae, Alatae, Acuminatae enBigelovianae (Petunioides), waren gemiddeld gevoeliger danSuaveolentes-soorten die niet uit de Australische woestijnen afkomstig zijn. Het resterende deel van het genus, bestaande uit de Amerikaanse sectiesThyrsiflorae enRusticae (Rustica) enUndulatae, Repandae enNudicaules (Petunioides), stond met betrekking tot gevoeligheid en resistentie tussen laatstgenoemd deel van de sectieSuaveolentes en de groep resistente secties in, maar vertoonde in hoge mate tolerantie voor PVA, PVX en PVY en met overgevoeligheid samengaande resistentie voor TMV. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat de reacties van het genusNicotiana op virussen vooral geografisch bepaald zijn en in mindere mate taxonomisch.     

世界苹果属植物的起源演化研究新进展

引用了瓦维诺夫Ｎ．Ｉ．Ｖａｖｉｌｏｖ，兰格菲尔德Ｖ．Ｔ．Ｌａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄ，斯泰司Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｔａｃｅ 及俞德浚等关于苹果属等植物种、属起源和演化的学说，结合作者对世界苹果属植物今昔的自然分布和分类的研究工作，论证了世界苹果属植物的起源演化的中心位于中国的西南四川、云南、贵州三省。但不是苹果属的祖先种皆起源于该地或亚洲东南的亚热带地区，有不少种是直接起源于今天的北温带—它们过去在第三纪曾经有过亚热带气候。作者认为兰格菲尔德所作关于苹果属植物起源演化的系统发育树图谱中的六个分枝，都是指的次生遗传基因中心，而苹果属植物的初生遗传多样化中心是与其近缘的花揪属、梨属和山楂属相融合的。由于苹果属现代大多数的种都集中在中国西南云、贵、川三省，其中含有古老的多胜海棠等种类，因此将该地区视为苹果属的初生基因中心，是符合Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｔａｃｅ 和Ｖ．Ｔ．Ｌａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄ 关于属的起源中心定位学说的，但苹果属古代的起源中心位置是否与现代起源中心位置相符，值得再行研究     

农业节水灌溉的多中心治理机制研究

我国传统的农业节水灌溉治理采用的是一种"单中心"治理模式,政府作为农业节水灌溉的治理主体,忽视了市场机制和公众参与在治理农业水短缺中的作用."多中心治理"则是整合政府、农民组织及市场三方面的力量,形成相互促进相互监督的格局,共同促进农业节水灌溉.