光电技术在农业工程中的应用与展望

我国是农业生产大国，农业种植面积和多种农产品产量居世界前列，但是我国农业生产自动化程度相对较低，农业效益提升潜力大。光电技术在提升农业效益方面大有可为。概述了光电技术在农业工程中的应用现状，并展望了光电技术在农业工程中的发展趋势。      

移动互联网环境下农机企业危机沟通的思考*

从危机沟通的渠道、危机沟通的具体策略、危机沟通的后续行动三个方面,为中国农机企业的危机沟通提供可行建议。以形象修护理论为基础,结合移动互联网环境传播特点以及中国农业机械化发展的实际情况,分析新浪新闻手机客户端、今日头条手机客户端上的两条农机质量纠纷视频。推荐农机企业使用的8条具体策略包括:否认事件不实部分;表明事件的意外属性;阐明自身出发点;阐明自己的贡献及所做出的努力;提出物质补偿;提出改进措施;承担有错部分;主动向用户征询意见。提出危机沟通应在线上、线下两种渠道进行,危机沟通应与具体行动相结合。     

高寒牧区黑麦和箭筈豌豆混播对草产量和营养品质的影响研究

为筛选适宜甘肃高寒牧区的箭筈豌豆与黑麦混播组合及比例，采用裂区设计，研究了3个箭筈豌豆品种（绿箭1号、绿箭2号和绿箭431）与黑麦新品系C33在不同混播比例（0∶100、20∶80、30∶70、40∶60、50∶50、60∶40、70∶30、80∶20、100∶0）下的生产性能及营养品质。结果表明，从混播组合看，A?（C33×绿箭1号）的平均干草产量（7.16 t·hm^-2）和综合评价值（0.860）较高；从混播比例看，B?（60∶40）的平均干草产量（8.01 t·hm^-2）和综合评价值（0.691）最高；混播组合和混播比例间的交互作用表明，A?以B?比例混播时干草产量（9.03 t·hm^-2）和综合评价值（0.711）最高。     

校院两级管理模式下地方农业高校教科研指标体系构建探索与对策研究

校院两级管理是高等院校内部管理体制改革创新的必然趋势,对高等院校盘活存量、激活增量具有重要作用。文章系统梳理了国内外高等院校内部管理体制改革和校院两级管理模式以及教科研指标体系的差异和特征,着重聚焦当前地方农业高校教科研指标体系构建中存在的问题,探析地方农业高校校院两级管理教科研指标体系构建的关键因素和环节,提出了“核心+特色”校院两级指标设置和“个人+团队”教师考核评价方式的两项对策,以期为地方农业高校校院两级管理教科研指标考核和评价提供借鉴和参考。     

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

农业劳动力转移的减贫效应分析——基于重庆涪陵的实践检验

【目的/意义】农业劳动力转移的减贫效应尚未得出一致结论,基于对重庆涪陵的实践分析,探讨通过做好政策保障以提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应。【方法/过程】以涪陵区2004-2018年的农业劳动力转移的减贫相关数据为基础,通过运用多元回归法分析涪陵区农业劳动力转移的减贫效应。【结果/结论】结果显示:提升农业劳动生产率有利于增加农民的农业收入和非农收入;缩小城乡收入差距有利于农民减贫;提高人力资本密集度有利于增强农民的挣得能力。要提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应,这就要求:促进农业转移人口的市民化,提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应;提高乡村自治与贫困户自我发展能力,促进农业劳动力转移的减贫动力;完善社会扶贫协作联动机制,为农业劳动力转移提供制度保障。     

加强农业建设项目监管的对策建议∗ ——以中国热带农业科学院为例

文章介绍了农业科研院所基本建设项目管理的现状，并指出农业建设项目监管中存在管理制度建设不完善、建设项目实施管理不规范、管理队伍专业化程度不高等问题。该文指出建设单位要通过完善农业建设管理制度、强化农业建设项目的实施管理、提升管理队伍能力建设等举措，加强农业基本建设项目监管，全面强化在建项目法律风险防控。     

南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害发生特点及综合防控措施

本文介绍了南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害的种类及为害发生特点,并提出了相应的病虫害综合防控措施,保证晚熟柑桔的正常生长,以期为当地晚熟柑桔生产、种植户节本增收提供参考。     

Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review

Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.     

基于工作过程的南疆高职院校园艺技术专业农业应用化学教学改革探析

分析了从南疆职业院校园艺技术专业农业应用化学教学中存在的问题,以提高该课程教学要求及园艺技术人才专业人才培养规格为目标,提出了对接教学领域与职业技能、职业素养,改革教学内容、课程体系、优化教学的方法和手段,为提高园艺技术专业服务育人本质,培养更多更好服务地方经济社会发展的高素质、高技能的园艺技术专业人才奠定重要的基础。