林下姜科植物的选育与栽培技术研究综述

树木褐根病是由有害木层孔菌 (Phellinus noxius) 引起的一类土壤传染性根部病害，为了实施对 这类病害的生物防治，结合唯一氮源 1- 氨基环丙烷 -1- 羧酸（ACC）为底物和平板对峙法，从澳门松山市 政公园健康树木的根际分离得到 1 株对有害木层孔菌具有较强拮抗活性的菌株 1583。采用一对细菌通用 引物 PCR 扩增获得菌株 1583 的 16S rDNA 基因序列，其片段大小为 1 496 bp，系统进化树显示菌株 1583 与 Burkholderia seminalis 的亲缘关系最近，综合结果鉴定该菌株为伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia sp.）。拮抗 性研究表明，菌株 1583 对油菜菌核病病原菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）、黑松叶斑病病原菌（Pestalotiopsis sp.）、香蕉枯萎病病原菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）、白蝴蝶炭疽病病原菌（Colletotrichum sp.） 和美人蕉瘟病病原菌（Pyricularia cannaecola hashioka）等植物病原真菌均有明显的抑制作用。     

成龄胶园间作不同姜科作物对土壤养分与土壤酶的影响

研究成龄胶园条件下间作不同姜科作物对胶园土壤养分和土壤酶的影响,为成龄胶园姜科作物间作合理施肥和土壤培肥提供理论依据。以间作3种姜科作物的胶园为处理,以单作胶园土壤为对照,采用土壤常规分析方法分别测定土壤养分和土壤酶。结果表明：间作的3种姜科作物对胶园土壤的全钾、硝态氮含量（除生姜外）、pH（除生姜外）、酸性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性（除草豆蔻外）的影响不显著;显著降低了有机质、全磷、速效磷、全氮（除草豆蔻外）含量、土壤脲酶活性;显著增加了铵态氮（除砂仁外）、速效钾及土壤蔗糖酶活性。这些结果说明,间作姜科作物能改善土壤的土壤硝态氮、铵态氮及速效钾含量,短时期内能提高土壤的供氮、供钾能力,但降低了土壤磷含量和土壤磷的供应能力。由此可见,在成龄胶园内进行间作,必须加强间作物施肥,以实现土壤养分收支平衡,维护土壤功能、保护土壤质量。     

基于组织培养技术的姜科植物快繁体系的研究进展

为解决姜科植物繁殖系数低、种性退化等问题,扩大姜科植物的繁殖规模,提高品种自身抗逆性和增产潜力,有效建立姜科植物的离体快繁体系,总结了基于植物组织培养技术的部分姜科植物离体快繁体系构建过程中外植体的选择与消毒处理、丛生芽和愈伤组织的诱导、增殖与分化和生根培养条件,阐述了姜科植物离体快繁体系建立过程中存在的问题及解决方案,同时对植物组织培养在姜科植物中的应用进行了展望,以期为姜科植物产业的健康、快速发展提供参考。     

Dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet to heat‐stressed broiler chickens and its effect on heat shock protein 70 expression,blood parameters and body temperature

The present study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Zingiber officinale and Zingiber zerumbet and to heat‐stressed broiler chickens on heat shock protein (HSP) 70 density, plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (HLR) and body temperature. Beginning from day 28, chicks were divided into five dietary groups: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet +1%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ1%), (iii) basal diet +2%Z. zerumbet powder (ZZ2%), (iv) basal diet +1%Z. officinale powder (ZO1%) and (v) basal diet +2%Z. officinale powder (ZO2%). From day 35–42, heat stress was induced by exposing birds to 38 ± 1 °C and 80% RH for 2 h/day. Irrespective of diet, heat challenge elevated HSP70 expression, CORT and HLR on day 42. On day 42, following heat challenge, the ZZ1% birds showed lower body temperatures than those of control, ZO1% and ZO2%. Neither CORT nor HLR was significantly affected by diet. The ZO2% and ZZ2% diets enhanced HSP70 expression when compared to the control groups. We concluded that dietary supplementation of Z. officinale and Z. zerumbet powder may induce HSP70 reaction in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress.     

林下姜科植物的选育与栽培技术研究综述

姜科（Zingiberaceae）植物是姜目（Zingiberales）植物中最具特色的一个类群,是具有较高经济价值的林下经济植物。本文从姜科植物种质资源资料收集入手,对原产我国的18属116种姜科植物进行文献综述。在此基础上,结合广东的气候特点、土壤性质和以往的姜科植物引种记录,为广东林下经济筛选药用姜科植物23种、食用姜科植物18种和观赏姜科植物25种。同时,对姜科植物的繁殖和栽培技术进行研究,以期为广东林下经济的发展提供更多的物种选择和必要的技术支撑。     

不同栽培基质对4种姜科花卉组培苗移栽成活和生长的影响

用5种栽培基质移栽姜黄、郁金、温郁金和花叶艳山姜4种姜科花卉组培苗,试验结果表明:4种姜科花卉组培苗在不同基质中的移栽成活率不同,其中,姜黄和温郁金对环境适应性相对较强、郁金次之、花叶艳山姜较差;不同基质对组培苗的移栽效果不同,其中,椰糠和营养土处理较适合组培苗生长,组培苗的成活率、株高、叶片数、新叶宽和根数多优于其他处理。     

Host specificity and genetic diversity of race 4 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 isolates were obtained from Zingiberaceae plants in India during bacterial wilt outbreaks. Polyphasic phenotypic and genotypic analysis revealed intraracial diversity and dominance of biovar 3 over biovar 4. Biovar 3 strains were isolated from very severely wilted Zingiberaceae plants in the field and found to be present across diverse geographical, host and seasonal boundaries. It was hypothesized that these isolates belong to a single, ‘fast wilting’, lineage. Using one ‘fast wilting’ isolate in controlled inoculations, rapid wilt was observed in ginger within 5–7 days. Wilting was also observed in several other closely and distantly related hosts such as turmeric (Curcuma longa), aromatic turmeric (Curcuma aromatica), black turmeric (Curcuma caesia), sand ginger (Kaempferia galanga), white turmeric (Curcuma zeodaria), awapuhi (Zingiber zerumbet), greater galangal (Alpinia galanga), globba (Globba sp.), small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and large cardamom (Ammomum subulatum) of the Zingiberaceae family, and in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Molecular analysis, including multiplex PCR‐based phylotyping, sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, 16–23S intergenic spacer and the recN gene, and multilocus sequence typing, revealed minimal differences between fast wilting isolates, confirming that almost all belong to the same lineage. Biovar 4 was isolated from plants showing slow wilt progression and self‐limiting wilting in restricted geographical locations instead, and was identified to be genetically distinct from the fast wilting biovar 3 isolates. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of host range and genetic analysis of R. solanacearum race 4 in India.     

中国姜科植物的多样性和保育

对姜科植物在生态特性、生长习性、形态特性、繁殖特性、花粉以及染色体等方面的多样性进行了讨论，认为影响迁地保育的主要因子是温度和水分，强调姜科植物的保育要把就地保育和迁地保育相结合，并提出了几条姜科植物保育的经验。     

姜科植物花卉应用现状及开发前景

论述了姜科花卉的应用现状,包括常用的姜科花卉种(品种)、常见的应用形式、姜科花卉的繁殖、栽培管理和常见病虫害等,并列举了57种有较好开发前景的野生姜科花卉。提出了进一步开发利用姜科野生花卉资源时应注意的问题。