内生菌与雷公藤细胞悬浮共培养的生理生化特性

将2株雷公藤内生真菌Fusarium oxysporum NS33与Penicillium steckii NS6、2株内生细菌Enterobacter cloacae sub sp LG3与Serratia marcescens LY1及其组合分别与雷公藤细胞悬浮共培养,对不同培养体系内雷公藤细胞的生长及其生理生化特征进行研究。结果显示,在共培养前期,与对照相比,接种单一内生菌株提高了细胞的干重,其中菌株NS6的促生效果最明显;而在共培养后期,无论是单一内生菌还是混合内生菌均对细胞生长具有抑制作用。内生真菌和菌株组合处理的培养液p H值有明显的升高,而内生细菌LY1则明显降低了培养液的p H值,其具有产酸性。另外,当雷公藤细胞同混合菌株共培养时,培养基中总糖消耗量是最大的,而接种单独菌株时则对细胞可溶性蛋白含量具有一定的提高作用。接种内生菌会影响雷公藤细胞的POD、CAT及SOD活性,与对照相比,接种单独菌株会更加提升POD与CAT的活性,而细胞MDA含量则明显下降。     

雷公藤扦插育苗试验

用雷公藤枝条作材料进行扦插育苗试验,结果表明,最佳扦插时间为12月前后,成活率超过98%,在2-3月移栽扦插苗,成活率达100%。     

雷公藤属植物生物学特性与生态适应性的初步研究

历时4 a,调查了我国27个县(市)雷公藤属Tripterygium种质资源,建立种质资源收集库,定期观察雷公藤母本及无性系表型性状和生态适应性。结果表明,不同种质雷公藤的萌蘖性、生长势与造林成活率均存在差异,雷公藤T.wilfordii萌蘖性能明显优于昆明山海棠T.hypoglaucum,野生植株、种质资源收集库内母本及无性系后代均表现一致;在浙江丽水低海拔地区栽培,雷公藤造林成活率和幼林生长势也明显优于昆明山海棠。浙江类似地区雷公藤药材栽培应优先选用雷公藤,良种选育重点在雷公藤分布区内进行,既可提高良种选育效率,又可保证选育的良种适合丽水地区环境条件。表4参5     

利用植物与植物性杀虫剂防治小菜蛾的研究

试验以芥菜和雷公藤为材料，对小菜蛾进行生物防治研究．结果表明：大叶芥和皱叶芥诱集小菜蛾产卵效果较好，摘除部分叶子的大叶芥和皱叶芥效桌更好。雷公藤乙醇提取物浓度在1．5％以上，喷洒3d后对小菜蛾的防效在70％以上。芥菜的诱集和雷公藤的毒杀结合，可达到生物防治目的。     

雷公藤总生物碱对小菜蛾的生物活性

研究了雷公藤总生物碱对小菜蛾的杀虫活性和作用方式。结果表明，雷公藤总生物碱对2龄小菜蛾有很强的拒食、毒杀和生长抑制作用。选择性与非选择性拒食中浓度AFC50分别为42．44mg／L和46．6mg／L，72h时毒杀中浓度‰为388．5mg／L，生长抑制中浓度为EC50为123．3mg／L。     

雷公藤多苷药效机理及安全性研究概况

雷公藤多苷具有抗炎、免疫调节及抗生育等作用,该文概述了雷公藤多苷的临床应用及其作用机理,同时总结归纳了其毒副作用和不良反应,为更安全和广泛的应用雷公藤多苷提供了理论和试验依据。     

雷公藤生物碱对土壤微生物的影响

安全性评价是新农药开发及应用的重要基础。参照国家环保总局和农业部农药检定所制定的《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,测定95%雷公藤总生物碱和1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对土壤微生物的毒性。结果表明,95%雷公藤总生物碱和1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对土壤微生物的呼吸有明显促进作用;雷公藤生物碱在低剂量下,对果园和麦田土壤微生物的硝化作用无明显影响,但在200 μg/g剂量下,有明显抑制作用;在2、20和200 μg/g剂量下,对果园和麦田土壤微生物的氨化均有显著的促进作用;雷公藤生物碱对土壤真菌有一定的抑制作用,但其投毒系数均小于5;雷公藤生物碱对2种不同土壤中的放线菌、固氮菌无抑制作用。由上述结果可见,95%雷公藤总生物碱和1.0%雷公藤生物碱微乳剂对土壤微生物低毒。说明雷公藤生物碱对土壤环境较为安全。     

雷公藤叶部病虫害的发生现状、成因及对策

随着栽培面积、规模的扩大和病虫害管理水平的滞后,地道性中药材雷公藤目前正遭受病虫害的严重危害。2009、2010年对福建省泰宁县雷公藤病虫害进行调查表明,雷公藤叶部病虫害主要表现为危害种类不断增加,复合危害现象普遍,不同藤龄、不同生境的雷公藤上发生水平也各不相同。防治观念淡薄,生产措施不当,管理水平偏低,病虫害的危害潜...     

Effects of tripterygium glycosides combined with dexamethasone on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in EAE rats

AIM: To investigate the role of TLRs/NF-κB pathway in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats treated with tripterygium glycosides (TG) + dexamethasone (DX). METHODS: Lewis rats were used in the study and divided into control group, EAE model group, therapy 1 group (EAE rats treated with DX) and therapy 2 group (EAE rats treated with DX+TG). The mean clinical score of the rats was determined. The expression of TLR4 and TLR9 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by the methods of real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The protein level of NF-κB p65 was also measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean clinical scores at 5th, 16th and 20th day were lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than that in EAE model group. The mean clinical score in therapy 2 group was even lower than that in therapy 1 group. At the 16th day (the peaking period), the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were obviously lower than that in EAE model group. The protein levels of TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB p65 were also significantly lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than those in EAE model group at peak stage of EAE. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were lower in therapy1 group and therapy2 group than those in EAE model group. The significant differences of the mean clinical score, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9, the positive ratio of NF-κB p65 and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 between therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were found. The result of orthogonal factorial analysis of variance indicated that the difference of therapeutic effect between DX and DX+TG was significant (F=75.749, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The TLRs/NF-κB pathway takes part in the pathological process of EAE. TG combined with DX alleviates the symptoms of EAE by suppressing inflammatory and immunological reactions of EAE.     

QuEChERS/UPLC-MS/MS法测定雷公藤及根际土壤中3种农药残留

为建立雷公藤种植过程中常用农药的残留含量检测方法,采用快速样品前处理结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（quick,easy, cheap,effective,rugged and safe/ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,QuEChERS/UPLC-MS/MS）测定雷公藤及根际土壤中辛硫磷、氯氰菊酯和乙基多杀菌素的含量。样品中加入适量的水浸润后用乙腈超声提取,N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）吸附净化,利用优化后的UPLC-MS/MS方法进行检测,基质外标法定量。结果显示,3种农药在根样基质中的检出限（LOD）为0.001～0.714μg/kg,定量限（LOQ）为0.002～2.380μg/kg;在土壤基质中的检出限（LOD）为0.002～0.810μg/kg,定量限（LOQ）为0.006～2.410μg/kg。线性关系、回收率和相对标准偏差均符合农药残留检测的相关规定。结果表明,该方法能满足雷公藤及根际土壤中3种农药残留含量的快速检测要求。