Selection of a new scallop strain,QN‐2, from the backcross of Peruvian scallop × bay scallop F1 hybrids with bay scallops

Cross‐breeding has been successfully applied in agriculture and aquaculture industries to improve important production traits. In our previous studies, we produced the F₁ hybrids with high heterosis in growth by crossing the bay scallops with the Peruvian scallops and selected a new strain, Bohai Red, from the F₁ hybrids. In this study, we selected another new strain from the backcross (BC₁) of the F₁ hybrids with bay scallops. The base cohort (G₀) was size‐selected from the BC₁, and the G₁, G₂, G₃ and G₄ cohorts were produced with size‐selected brood stocks from the G₀, G₁, G₂ and G₃ cohorts respectively. Our results showed that average shell height, shell length, shell width and whole body weight of the G₄ cohort were increased by 16.8%, 16.8%, 11.5% and 43.6%, respectively, compared with the unselected control group of bay scallop. This new strain has now become one of the major cultured Argopecten scallops in northern China waters and was later named QN‐2.     

渤海湾地区‘大果水晶梨’黑星病的发生与防治

自从‘大果水晶梨’引入渤海湾地区以后,梨黑星病的发生越来越严重。经过近10年的调查,总结分析该地区‘大果水晶梨’黑星病的为害症状、传播途径、发病关键期和防治要点,推动该地区‘大果水晶梨’黑星病的综合防治研究和抗病育种工作。     

饲料投喂及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响

为探究缩减饲料投喂量及清淤对养殖库湾水环境的影响,在鲢、鳙放养密度均为20 g/m~3的基础上,设置4个处理组库湾,分别为B1(不清淤、饵料投喂减半)、B2(清淤、不投饵)、B3(清淤、饵料投喂减半)和B4(不清淤、饵料投喂正常),实验周期为9个月。结果显示:4个库湾的总氮浓度、总磷浓度、高锰酸盐指数、藻类生物量从低到高分别为B2、B4、B1、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B4、B3,B2、B1、B3、B4(P0.05),浮游动物生物量之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。由此可见,B2无论是在营养盐的控制还是在藻类的控制方面均取得了最佳的效果。作为养殖库湾,其主要功能是得到更高的鱼产量。在达到养殖水质要求的情况下,为了得到更高的鱼产量,应合理地利用饵料。因此,对于养殖用水的处理,要根据具体的水质条件,采用合理的修复方式,实现水质改善和养殖生产的双赢。     

Crosses between two subspecies of bay scallop Argopecten irradians and heterosis for yield traits at harvest

In order to improve the yield of bay scallop Argopecten irradians by exploiting geographic subspecies heterosis, crosses between and within two subspecies, the northern A. i. irradians (Lamarck) and the southern A. i. concentricus (Say), were created and the offspring were cultured under the same environmental conditions. The two parental populations were collected from Bohai Bay in northern China and Beibu Bay in southern China, which were distinct in particular shell colours. The results indicated that the shell colour of bay scallop was inheritable and could be used as a morphological mark to distinguish hybrid and purebred individuals. At harvest, hybrid offspring always produced a significantly higher yield than purebred offspring. Positive heterosis was achieved for shell length, shell height, shell width, total weight and adductor weight, which was 5.02, 5.22, 3.88, 7.53 and 9.47 respectively. Hybrid gain was 10.86% for shell length, 10.48% for shell height, 9.77% for shell width, 34.90% for total weight and 41.69% for adductor weight, respectively, and all were significantly >5%. The present study reveals that it is effective for improving yield by hybridization between different geographic subspecies in the bay scallop.     

威海伴月湾公园景观规划设计

在城市化水平日益增长的今天,人们已经意识到城市生态环境建设的重要性,沿海城市均有公园建设和港湾绿地的营造,那么如何构建与城市自身相和谐的滨海公园,如何营造和谐港湾,将是一个盛行不衰的话题。本文以威海伴月湾公园景观规划设计为例,来诠释这一相关问题。     

开阔型港湾紫菜埕地轮养菲律宾蛤仔的研究

利用开阔型港湾紫菜养殖埕地空闲季节，进行小型试验并指标大面积轮养菲律宾蛤仔，选择含沙星８０％－９０％的沙泥稳定底质，海水比重１．０１６－１．０２２，大潮干露２－４小时，流速８０－１００厘米／秒，饵料丰富的海区，１－２月份播种壳长２．０－２．２厘米的一龄大蛤苗，密度１０００个／米＾２。     

渤海辽宁海湾地化环境与资源开发问题探讨

以１９８９－１９９０年海湾志调查的实测资料为基，研究了营城子湾、金州湾、普兰店湾、董家口湾、葫芦山湾、太平湾７个海湾的化学要素含量及分布。通过对海湾环境质量评价得出；目前已遭受磷酸盐重金属及硫化物的不同程度的污染，且诸化学要素都是在潮流水动力支配下产生迁移和扩散。最后得出营城子等诸湾地化环境现状，提出各海湾资源开发与养殖关系的几点认识。     

栗鸮繁殖习性的观察

2002年3月至7月,在海南大田国家级自然保护区对一对栗鸮的繁殖习性进行了观察。结果表明：这对栗鸮最早在3月23日产卵,窝卵数4枚,卵的受精率为75．00％,4月末至5月初出壳,孵卵期36～42d,受精卵的孵化率及雏鸟的成活率均为100．00％,雏鸟生长迅速。孵卵和育雏由雌雄鸟共同完成,亲鸟护卵性极强,随着雏鸟的长大。亲鸟暖雏和护雏的时间逐渐减少。栗鸮的食物主要是啮齿类、蜥蜴类和蛙类,还包括一些鸟类和昆虫。     

胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔面盘幼虫生物学特性研究

2006年5～9月,通过浮游拖网调查对胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔面盘幼虫(D形幼虫)生物学特性进行研究,结果表明:移植底播菲律宾蛤仔面盘幼虫壳长、壳高呈线性相关,与其它蛤仔种群面盘幼虫差异显著。     

黑龙江勤得利湾鱼类区系组成特征

初步调查勤得利湾鱼类共计58种，隶属于15科，其中鲤科鱼类为最多，43种，占水系鱼类总数74．13％；鳅科5种，占0．09％；偿科、鲶科各2种，各占0．035％；鲟科、狗鱼科、鳕科、鮨科、塘鳢科、鳢科、杜父鱼科各1种，共占0．017％。肉食性鱼类种类相对较多。通过比较分析，黑龙江勤得利湾鱼类组成与黑龙江中游表现出很大的相似性。