藏绵羊卵巢组织学及卵泡超微形态的观察

旨在通过观察藏绵羊卵泡、黄体的组织学特征及卵泡的超微形态,探讨其与生理功能的关系。本研究运用大体解剖、常规组织切片和H.E染色及透射电镜技术对藏绵羊卵巢卵泡和黄体的组织结构特点以及卵泡的超微形态进行观察和分析。结果发现,藏绵羊黄体期和卵泡期卵巢的宽度和厚度存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而重量和长度无显著差异（P>0.05）;卵巢上的大多数卵泡通过颗粒细胞萎缩和纤维化而闭锁;黄体中膜黄体细胞（直径22 μm）和颗粒黄体细胞（直径50 μm）结构特征明显且分界清晰,其内部分布着丰富的毛细血管;通过观察卵泡的超微形态发现,随着卵泡的发育,卵泡细胞的形状由椭圆形变为多边形,数量增多且被膜细胞包围;细胞器数量和种类也增多且之间联系紧密,胞质可见分泌的皮质颗粒。结果表明,藏绵羊卵泡系统和黄体的组织学特点以及卵泡的超微形态与其他绵、山羊类似,随着卵泡的发育,血管增生较快,卵泡结构特征变化明显和细胞器致密化程度增加且卵泡在不同时期均会闭锁;黄体内部在毛细血管滋生下使两种黄体细胞结构更加完整且特征明显,这可能是藏绵羊在高原低氧环境下仍然能够发挥卵巢机能的重要基础保障。     

Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle

The objectives of this study were to assess alterations in, echogenic appearance, size and blood flow in the corpus luteum, the placentomes and the blood flow in umbilical and uterine arteries that heat stress can cause in cooled pregnant dairy cows. Pregnant cows were allocated in two groups and the gravid uteri, along with the ipsilateral corpora lutea were examined during the winter (group W, n = 9) or the summer (group S, n = 10). The grey-scale ultrasound and colour flow imaging of the corpus luteum and placentome were performed. In addition, the umbilical and uterine artery diameters and haemodynamic parameters in the vessels were calculated. At the time of ultrasonographic examination, cortisol concentrations were higher, and progesterone levels tended to be lower in group S compared to group W. The grey-scale ultrasound evaluation of corpora lutea and placentomes was lower in group S compared to group W. The diameter of umbilical artery and the blood volume in the vessel were less in group S than in group W. We infer that heat stress affects foetal blood supply and possibly the structure of placentomes and corpora lutea, but it differently affects the blood flow characteristics in the umbilical and uterine arteries.     

Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovarian, adrenal, and pituitary hormones and on luteal blood flow in mares

The effect of a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) during mid-diestrus on systemic concentrations of progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, and cortisol and on blood flow to the corpus luteum was studied in 10 controls and 10 PGF-treated mares. Blood flow was assessed by estimating the percentage of corpus luteum with color-Doppler signals of blood flow during real-time scanning of the entire structure and by the diameter of the vascular pedicle near its attachment to the ovary. Treatment was done 8 days after ovulation and 0 h was immediately before the treatment. Examinations and collection of blood samples were done at 0 h, every 5 min until 1h, and then at 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The concentrations of estradiol did not change, but progesterone, LH, FSH, and cortisol increased significantly within 5 min. Concentrations of LH and FSH in the PGF group remained elevated until a temporarily lower concentration at 8 or 4h, respectively, rebounded to 12h, and then slowly decreased. Cortisol remained elevated, until a decrease between 1 and 4h. Progesterone in the PGF group increased significantly until 10 min after 0 h and then decreased by 40 min to below the concentrations in controls. Within the PGF group, progesterone decreased significantly by 45 min to below the concentrations at 0 h. The values for each of the two indicators of blood flow did not differ significantly between the PGF and control groups until a decrease at 24h in the PGF group. Results did not support the hypothesis that the immediate transient post-PGF increase in progesterone was associated with an increase in luteal blood flow. Luteolysis, as indicated by decreasing progesterone, began well before the beginning of a decrease in luteal blood flow.     

基于回购契约的风险厌恶零售商的供应链协调

应用LSTAR模型对我国通货膨胀率的动态特征进行的实证研究结果表明：我国通货膨胀率自身调整有明显的非线性特征，分为显著的低通货膨胀区制和高通货膨胀区制，区制转移的平滑参数较大，转移变量为滞后1期通货膨胀率，转折点为0.01036。同时，我国通货膨胀率存在一定程度的非对称性调整，随冲击大小、方向、区制不同而表现不同。此外，我国通货膨胀率具有较高的持久性，高通货膨胀区制的持久性明显低于低通货膨胀区制。     

Nucleotide sequence homology to bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV 2) in the 5′ untranslated region of BVDVs from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan

Cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) were isolated from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan. These isolates were compared for antigenic properties by cross-neutralization tests with Japanese reference strains of BVDV belonging to classical type 1. Significantly low cross-reactivity to reference strains was noted, indicating the viruses to possibly represent a new serotype in Japan. Thus, to determine the genotype of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of the 5′ untranslated region were determined and compared with those of previously reported BVDV 1 and 2. The isolates were clearly shown to belong to BVDV 2, not to BVDV 1.     

Accessory corpora lutea formation in pregnant Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) investigated by examination of ovarian dynamics and steroid hormone concentrations

Generally, sika deer conceive a single fetus, but approximately 80% of pregnant females have two corpora lutea (CLs). The function of the accessory CL (ACL) is unknown; moreover, the process of ACL formation is unclear, and understanding this is necessary to know its role. To elucidate the process of ACL formation, the ovarian dynamics of six adult Hokkaido sika deer females were examined ultrasonographically together with peripheral estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. ACLs formed in three females that conceived at the first estrus of the breeding season, but not in those females that conceived at the second estrus. After copulation, postconception ovulation of the dominant follicle of the first wave is induced by an increase in estradiol-17β, which leads to formation of an ACL. A relatively low concentration of progesterone after the first estrus of the breeding season is considered to be responsible for the increase in estradiol-17β after copulation.     

Treatment of Intraoperative Persistent Penile Erection in a Stallion

This case report describes the occurrence of persistent penile erection in a breeding stallion that occurred while the horse was under inhalant anesthesia for a carpal arthroscopy. The horse had no history of breeding problems, and no abnormalities were detected on physical examination, complete blood count, or serum chemistry tests performed prior to surgery. Anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and ketamine after sedation with xylazine and was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Penile erection developed approximately 35 minutes after induction and persisted for over 2 hours despite various physical and pharmacological attempts to alleviate it (massage, cold compresses, intravenous benztropine administration, and intracavernosal phenylephrine). Successful resolution of the erection was obtained by cannulation and drainage of blood from the corpus cavernosum and subsequent irrigation with heparinized sterile saline and infusion of phenylephrine in the corpus cavernosum. The detumescent penis was placed back into the sheath, and purse string sutures were placed in the sheath to ensure the penis would remain inside the sheath during recovery. The stallion's recovery from anesthesia was uneventful, the sutures were removed, and the horse was fitted with a penile sling to prevent additional edema or trauma. The stallion recovered completely from the persistent penile erection. Semen was collected 6 days after the event, and he returned to normal pasture breeding 6 weeks after surgery.     

Diagnostic imaging and pacemaker implantation in a domestic goat with persistent left cranial vena cava

Difficulty was encountered with the insertion of a right atrial pacing lead via the left jugular vein during lead and pacemaker implantation in a clinically normal goat as part of an ongoing rapid atrial pacing – induced atrial fibrillation research project. Fluoroscopic visualization of an abnormal lead advancement path prompted angiographic assessment which revealed a persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) and prominent coronary sinus communicating with the right atrium. Angiography facilitated successful advancement and securing of the pacing lead into the right side of the interatrial septum. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography (MRI/MRA) allowed further characterization of this rare venous anomaly. Even though PLCVC has been reported once in a goat, to the authors' knowledge this is the first report to include MRI/MRA characterization of PLCVC and prominent coronary sinus with successful cardiac pacemaker implantation using the PLCVC.     

2012年7月我国中东部持续性强降水形成机制分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过对2012年7月中旬我国中东部地区持续性强降水过程中东亚夏季风系统中主要成员的时空变化特征进行分析.结果表明,此次持续性强降水期间,副高北界、南亚高压脊线及中纬度锋区位置相对稳定,长江中下游地区一直处于南亚高压反气旋环流东侧偏北风与西风槽前偏南风之间的风向开口辐散区中;副高南撤时,强降水主要位于584 dagpm线北侧,副高北抬时,强降水主要位于584 dagpm线南侧;此次持续性强降水发生前期,大气为上干下湿不稳定层结,当西风带低槽频频携带冷空气南下影响,同时低空西南急流反复加强,其出口区左侧较强的风速梯度为暴雨的发生发展提供了动力条件;低层干空气的不断侵入,低槽和低涡间的垂直正反环流促使垂直上升运动维持或发展,进而造成持续性强降水;高空西风急流加强(减弱)超前低空西南急流加强(减弱)2～5 d,对持续性强降水有超前指示意义.     

A Corpus-based Study on Collocation and Colligation of ＂Soil＂ in Agricultural English

This paper was based on the corpus built by the writers on agricultural science and technology English. Through corpusbased research and statistical tools Ant Conc 3.2.1 and BFSU Collocator 1.0（Beijing Foreign Studies University Collocator 1.0）, this paper tried to make an analysis of the collocation and colligation of the word ＂soil＂. The result revealed the colligation between ＂soil＂ and its collocates in agricultural academic papers, which was instructive to academic writing and the research method was a practical reference of building a corpus on agricultural science and technology English.