Dysbiotic gut microbiome: A key element of Crohn's disease

Since the first publication on “regional ileitis”, the relevance of this chronic inflammatory disease condition termed finally as Crohn's disease is continuously increasing. Although we are beginning to comprehend certain aspects of its pathogenesis, many facets remain unexplored. Host's gut microbiota is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including immune system development, and pathogen regulation. Further, the microbiome is thought to play a key role in Crohn's disease. The presence of Crohn's-associated variants of NOD2 and ATG16L genes appears to be associated not only with alterations of mucosal barrier functions, and bacterial killing, but the gut microbiota, as well, reflecting a potential relationship between the host's genotype and intestinal dysbiosis, involved in disease etiology. This review aims to characterize some exciting new aspect of Crohn's disease pathology, focusing mainly on the role of intestinal microbes, and their interplay with the immune system of the host.     

Different isolates from Leishmania braziliensis complex induce distinct histopathological features in a murine model of infection

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological features in tissues of mice infected by human isolates (I, II, and III) or the reference M2903 strain of Leishmania braziliensis complex. BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice were infected in the hind footpad with 10⁶ stationary-phase promastigotes of L. braziliensis complex. The evolution of lesions was observed for 10 weeks and the animals were then euthanized and liver, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were collected. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. Increased thickness of infected footpads was observed in all animals, lesions were nodular and non-ulcerated. Mice infected with isolate I presented inflammatory infiltrates consisting predominantly of mononuclear cells in all tissues examined, and also a great number of megakaryocytes, compared with other isolates. Infection with isolate II led to an infected footpad enlargement not seen in other isolates. In addition, mononuclear infiltrates in the liver and hemosiderin in spleen were noted. Conversely, mice infected with either isolate III or M2903 strain only showed an increased number of megakaryocytes in spleen. All tissues examined had detectable amastigote forms of Leishmania by immunohistochemistry in all groups. Taking together, our results showed an unforeseen behavior of different isolates of L. braziliensis complex that led to diverse pathological findings.     

Bovine infection with bluetongue virus with special emphasis on European serotype 8

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne virus infecting domestic and wild ruminants. Infection in cattle is commonly asymptomatic and characterised by a long viraemia. Associated with the emergence and the recrudescence of BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) in Northern and Central Europe, remarkable differences have been noticed in the transmission and in the clinical expression of the disease, with cattle showing clinical illness and reproductive disorders such as abortion, stillbirth and fetal abnormalities. Several investigations have already indicated the putative ability of the European BTV-8 strain to cross the bovine placenta and to cause congenital infections. The current epidemiological and pathological findings present an unusual picture of the disease in affected bovines.     

鸡贫血因子病的血液病理学变化

本实验用鸡贫血病毒感染１日龄健康ＡＡ雏鸡，以未感染雏鸡为对照，在感染后７、１４、２８、３５、４２日龄检测其外周血液各种血细胞数量，血红蛋白含量，红细胞压积，红细胞平均体积，红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度；骨髓红系祖细胞、粒单系祖细胞（ＣＵＦ－ＧＭ）、基质成纤维祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－Ｆ）的增殖功能；血清因子和胞腺集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）对造血祖细胞增殖功能的影响；骨髓造血细胞分化功能；骨髓造血     

湖南省露地黄瓜霜霉病发生规律及综合防治技术探讨

经过两年的调查研究,明确了湖南省露地黄瓜霜霉病的发生规律,并在此基础上,提出了以农业防治为基础,大力推广抗性品种,辅以生物防治、化学防治的综合防治策略,能较好地控制黄瓜霜霉病的发生为害。     

复合氨基低聚糖对西洋参的增产防病效果的研究

用复合氨基低聚糖对1~4年生西洋参处理,结果表明:1年生西洋参亩株数增加1.4万株,增产34.8%;2年生增产12.8%;3年生增产16.6%;4年生增产15.7%。对西洋参立枯病防治效果达69.8%,锈腐病为61.4%,晚疫病为66.5%,黑斑病为49.5%,参根白、短而粗,商品性好,经济效益提高20%以上。     

锦鲤暴发性出血症病原的研究

从患暴发性出症的锦鲤体内分离出2株细菌－052202和052203，应用细菌分离鉴定方法和法国Biomerieux FRC公司的API全自动微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定，结果显示：052202株为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia),052203株为温和气单胞（菌（Aeromonas sobria)。生物毒性试验的结果表明，温和气单胞菌可使健康锦鲤死亡，引起体表出血，肝，肾，脾，胆囊发生病变，有致病性；而嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌不引起健康锦鲤死亡，无致病性，28例药物的药敏试验结果表明，温和气单胞菌对新霉素，卡那霉素，庆大霉素，头孢噻吩，头孢曲松的头孢他啶的敏感性强或较强。     

蔬菜根结线虫致病机理及其防控技术研究进展

根结线虫严重影响蔬菜的生长发育、产量和品质,是制约蔬菜高产高效的重要病原物之一。本文综述了根结线虫的致病机理、蔬菜抗根结线虫的机制、影响根结线虫侵染的环境因素以及蔬菜根结线虫防控技术等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Infection dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs using two novel simulated-natural inoculation methods

In order to characterize foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection dynamics in pigs, two simulated-natural inoculation systems were developed and evaluated. Intra-oropharyngeal (IOP) and intra-nasopharyngeal (INP) inoculation both enabled precise control of dose and timing of inoculation while simulating field exposure conditions.     

用基因枪法将小麦病程相关蛋白基因TαPR-1导入小麦的研究

为验证小麦病程相关蛋白基因TαPR-1的功能，利用gus基因瞬间表达技术对基因枪法转化小麦幼胚的两个重要参数金粉用量和轰击距离进行了优化。研究结果表明,金粉用量为250．0μg．轰击距离9cm的轰击参数最为理想，GUS瞬间表达率和平均蓝点数分别可达89．8％和33．7个。采用此轰击参数．将TαPR-1基因导入扬麦158幼胚．经3～5mg／L Bialaphos筛选获得49株抗性再生植株．经PCR、Southern杂交分析．其中2株为阳性植株．转化率为0．11％。对转基因小麦植株进行苗期离体叶段和田间成株白粉病接种鉴定．初步结果表明，转基因植株对白粉病抗性与对照相比无明显差别。