油茶丰产栽培技术

油茶是我国特有的木本油料树种,具有适应力强、能够防火等特性。本文从选择良种壮苗、林地规划(林地选择、整地设计、密度设计)、定植、基础设施建设、松土除草及间作、病虫害防治等方面总结了油茶造林的丰产栽培技术,以期为油茶造林业主提供一定借鉴。     

北方设施条件下辣木及改良品种生长差异性分析

北方地区利用温室栽培辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)及其2个改良品种‘PKM1’和‘PKM2’,通过分析表观生长量、养分含量以及光合特性等指标的差异性,筛选适宜北方温室种植的辣木品种。结果表明:PKM1的高生长和增粗生长均显著快于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),在定干前(71 d)三者平均株高依次为115.7、80.2、81.0 cm,地径依次达17.47、13.27、15.08 mm。植株养分季节变化,PKM1养分状况要优于辣木和PKM2,在5月份,PKM1叶片中全氮(44.32 mg/g)、全钾(12.73 mg/g)含量显著高于其它2个品种(p0.05),全磷和可溶性糖含量品种间无显著性差异;7月份,PKM1可溶性糖显著高于其它2个品种;光合特性分析,3个品种在弱光条件下的光量子利用效率及光补偿能力差异不显著(p0.05),随着光强增加,光量子的转化能力出现显著性差异,PKM1的最大净光合速率(A_(max))显著高于辣木和PKM2(p0.05),最高达23.84μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)。可见,北方设施条件下,PKM1的生长速度、养分状况、光合能力均表现最好,较适宜北方温室栽培。     

应用响应面优化辣木γ-氨基丁酸富集工艺研究

通过富集方式和干燥方法的单因素实验,最陡爬坡试验和响应面设计,优化辣木鲜叶γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的富集工艺。建立的辣木鲜叶中GABA最适富集条件为辣木鲜叶在45℃下,真空处理34 h,然后50℃干燥。该条件处理的辣木GABA含量为(19.70±0.16)mg/g,是对照的2.63倍。     

Effects of Moringa oleifera silage on milk yield,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows

This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a partial substitute of alfalfa hay on milk yield, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows. MO was harvested at 120 days post‐seeding. Fresh MO was cut, mixed with chopped oat hay (425:575 on a DM basis), ensiled and stored for 60 days. Sixty healthy Holstein dairy cows were allocated to one of three groups: NM (no MO or control), LM (low MO; 25% alfalfa hay and 50% maize silage were replaced by MO silage) or HM (high MO; 50% alfalfa hay and 100% maize silage were replaced by MO silage). The feeding trial lasted 35 days. The LM and HM diets did not affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield or milk composition (lactose, milk fat, milk protein and somatic cell count). The apparent digestibility of DM and NDF was lower for HM group than NM group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between the LM and NM groups. The HM group had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum concentrations of urea than the NM group. The partial replacement of alfalfa hay (≤50%) and maize silage with MO silage had no negative effects on milk yield, in vivo nutrient apparent digestibility or serum biochemical indexes of lactating cows.     

舒城县油茶低产林类型与综合改造技术模式

舒城县是安徽省油茶重点发展县,油茶产业开发走在全省的前列。本文阐述了舒城县现有油茶低产林类型、改造模式及其技术措施,对分类实施油茶低改具有一定现实意义和指导意义。     

不同施肥处理对油茶生长及土壤肥力的影响

为探究不同施肥处理对油茶生长及土壤肥力的影响,连续3年在广西柳州市对5年生油茶人工林进行施肥试验研究。结果表明,施肥后,处理Ⅱ的树高、地径和冠幅的增长量明显高于其它处理,即有机—无机复混肥料直接施入油茶林地最有利于营养生长,而处理CK(不施肥)各项生长指标的增长量最低。不同施肥处理对油茶林地土壤养分各指标的影响差异较大,经灰色关联度法分析得出土壤综合肥力的高低顺序,其中处理Ⅲ(即无纺布包装有机—无机复混肥)施肥后对油茶林地土壤综合肥力的提高最显著,其次为处理Ⅰ(即有机栽培肥料),不施肥处理CK的土壤综合肥力则显著降低,土壤质量退化严重。     

基于茶籽壳代替木屑栽培茶树菇配方筛选试验

不同比例的茶籽壳和木屑组合成5个试验配方,比较不同配方对菌丝生长、子实体经济性状和生物转化率的影响。试验结果表明,在供试的5个配方中,配方4（棉籽壳50%、茶籽壳15%、木屑5%、麦麸20%、玉米粉7%、石膏1%、磷肥1%、石灰1%）为优选配方。     

云南辣木种植区气候条件适宜性初步评价

对云南省辣木(Moringa oleifera)种植区域的生产状况及适宜性进行了调查和评价。根据气候条件适宜性，综合考虑年平均气温、≥10℃积温、极端最低气温和指示植物等因素，初步把种植区按县划为适宜区、次适宜区及不适宜区。结果表明，云南辣木适栽区域主要分布在金沙江、澜沧江、红河、怒江、依洛瓦底江和南盘江等水系的低热河谷区。这为云南省辣木种植提供了参考依据。     

Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one-factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21-day-old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non-supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.     

油茶高接换冠枯桩现象调查与研究

为了探寻影响油茶高接换冠后枯桩的相关因素,为今后油茶高接换冠技术改良提供理论依据,调查研究了嫁接方法、接穗品种、砧木粗度、留截高度和嫁接方位等因素对油茶高接换冠后枯桩现象的影响。结果表明:5种因素对油茶枯桩程度影响极显著。其中,采用插皮腹接、砧木直径2~6 cm枯桩程度最低;采用‘华硕’和‘湘林XLJ14’其枯桩程度显著低于其它品种;留截高度越低枯桩程度越低;嫁接方位在外侧枯桩程度最低。偏相关分析结果表明,留截高度对油茶枯桩程度的影响最大;其次是嫁接方法、砧木直径和嫁接品种;而嫁接方位对油茶枯桩程度的影响最小。