氮磷钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响

为明确不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响，以济麦22为供试材料，设置F0（不施肥）、F1（N 180 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2）、F2（N 225 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 120 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 105 kg·hm^-2）和F3（N 270 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 165 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 105 kg·hm^-2）4个施肥量处理，比较分析开花后不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦叶面积指数、冠层不同层次光截获特性和成熟期干物质分配的影响。结果表明，F1处理下叶面积指数显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异；开花后15 d，F1处理下小麦冠层不同层次及总PAR截获率和截获量均显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。F1处理下成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官中的分配量、籽粒中的分配量及总干物质积累量显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官和籽粒中的分配量以及总干物质积累量与冠层上层（顶部至株高2/3）、中层（株高2/3至株高1/3）和总PAR截获率均呈显著正相关。F1处理（N 180 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2）为本试验条件下的最优处理。     

Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应

以阔叶空心菜为试材，研究蕹菜芽苗菜对LED 光强和光质的生长响应。结果表明：绿化阶段结束时处理L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1（光强7 000 lx，红光∶蓝光∶白光为4∶1∶1）的脱壳率显著高于其他处理；光强为7 000 lx 时，3 种光质处理的蕹菜芽苗菜可食部分干质量均显著高于白光对照；光照强度过高显著影响叶绿素的累积，高光强（L₁₁₀₀₀）下的叶绿素a、叶绿素b 含量及叶绿素总量随红光比例的增加而降低，同时子叶白化现象越发明显；不同光强条件下，3 种光质处理的抗坏 血酸含量均随着红光比例的增加而降低，而可溶性糖含量处理间差异不显著；主成分分析结果表明，L₇₀₀₀RBW4∶1∶1 在本试验条件下表现最佳，是较适宜蕹菜芽苗菜工厂化生产的LED 光源配方。     

大豆菌核病鉴定方法研究进展

大豆菌核病在全球范围内均有发生,由于病原菌寄主范围较广,难于防治,对大豆产量和品质产生严重影响。对于大豆菌核病抗性种质资源的鉴定是抗性机理研究、基因定位及抗病育种工作的重要基础,文章对大豆菌核病资源鉴定中涉及的接种体(菌丝、孢子和菌核)的培养、植株不同部位的接种鉴定、草酸鉴定、茎中可溶性色素水平测定及田间鉴定方法进行了系统的总结和分析,并针对接种体的选择、环境条件对发病的影响及田间与温室鉴定结果不一致等问题展开讨论,为大豆菌核病抗性资源的筛选,菌核病发病机理及抗性基因的定位研究奠定基础。     

Physiological metabolism of Haliotis discus hannai Ino under different light qualities and cycles

The goal of this experiment was to examine the effects of different light qualities (red, white, blue) and cycles (12L:12D, 8L:16D, 4L:20D, 0L:24D, 16L:8D) on the survival, growth, metabolism and antioxidant defence system of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Under red and white light at 4L:20D, the body weight‐specific growth rate of abalones was significantly higher than that of the 0L:24D group (P < 0.05). At 16L:8D, succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased and lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity and the lactic acid content significantly rose (P < 0.05) in the red and white light groups. Under blue light, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content for each light cycle were significantly higher than those of the red and white groups (P < 0.05). Under blue, white and red light, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GP_X) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content gradually rose with increased duration of light exposure. Under red light, significant differences in these parameters were detected between the 4L:20D and 16L:8D groups (P < 0.05). Under blue and white light at 16L:8D, values of T‐AOC, SOD, GP_X activity and GSH content were significantly lower than those of the 12L:12D group (P < 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that red light at light cycles of 4L:20D and 8L:16D is optimal for the culture and production of H. discus hannai, as these conditions promoted food intake, growth and health maintenance as well as normal physiological metabolism of the organism.     

夜间灯光数据DMSP/OLS在贫困地区亮化度模型构建中的应用

贫困县亮化度一定程度上反映着贫困县居民的生活水平发展状况,但与贫困区经济收入等相关指标的定量关系不太明确。针对该情况,提出了一种应用灯光数据的亮度统计数据,结合与贫困县经济收入等密切相关的经济规模指标、人口数量、财政收入等来定量研究贫困县亮化度模型,并选取样本贫困县对该模型进行验证。经数据验证,该模型具有较高的可信度。     

不同LED光质对紫甘蓝幼苗生长的影响

以紫甘蓝品种‘紫辉甘蓝’为试材,在南方塑料大棚内密闭式光照植物培养架中,采用新型LED光源研究了不同光质对紫甘蓝幼苗生长的影响,试验共设置6个处理:R(红)、B(蓝)、8R2B(红光∶蓝光=8∶2)、5R5B(红光∶蓝光=5∶5)、2R8B(红光∶蓝光=2∶8)和荧光灯(对照CK)。结果表明:(1)在8R2B处理下,紫甘蓝幼苗地下部鲜重、地上部鲜重、单株鲜重、株高、根体积、根总表面积和根投影面积均最大;(2)与CK相比,不同光质处理均提高了幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量,以2R8B处理最高;(3)与CK相比,除R处理的幼苗可溶性蛋白质含量降低外,其它处理均有助于幼苗可溶性蛋白质含量的积累,以8R2B处理最高;(4)可溶性糖含量以R处理最高;(5)与CK相比,各光质处理均显著降低了幼苗MDA含量,以B处理效果最显著,8R2B和5R5B次之;(6)各光质处理对紫甘蓝幼苗叶片脯氨酸含量的影响与CK相比无显著性差异。     

乡镇污水处理厂运行管理相关问题探讨

乡镇污水处理厂作为环保基础设施建设的重点,普遍存在重建设轻运营的问题。笔者结合重庆市实际情况,重点分析了乡镇污水处理厂运行管理中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了建议,包括提高收集率、完善末端工艺、专业化运营、改变考核体系、优化污泥处置、加强再生利用和远程在线监控等。     

透光抚育对“栽针保阔”红松林中红松生长过程的影响

[目的]通过研究长白山地区不同透光抚育强度下"栽针保阔"阔叶红松林中红松的生长情况,揭示透光抚育对"栽针保阔"红松林中红松生长过程的影响规律,旨在为阔叶红松林的恢复、经营提供有力的科学依据。[方法]研究5种透光抚育(未采伐对照、低度择伐、中度择伐、强度择伐及上层皆伐)对红松生长的影响。[结果]红松在群落中的地位随着透光抚育强度的增大逐步得到提升,同时透光抚育能够显著提高"栽针保阔"红松林内红松优势木(63.4%~146.5%、64.6%~158.6%)、平均木(57.9%~271.1%、42.5%~261.7%)和被压木(56.5%~182.6%、95.5%~245.5%)的树高和胸径,且呈现出随透光抚育强度的增大而递增的规律性。[结论]透光抚育能显著提高红松树高和胸径生长。     

不同时段补光对日光温室番茄营养与风味品质的影响

在日光温室基质栽培条件下,以‘粉太郎’番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为试验材料,采用红蓝光配比为7∶2的LED灯作为光源,设置3个不同补光时段,分别为揭帘前补光5 h(T1)、盖帘后补光5 h(T2)、揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h(T3),以不补光为对照(CK),研究了不同时段补光对番茄成熟果实总产量、糖酸组分及番茄红素质量分数的影响。结果表明,补光能够显著增加番茄果实总产量,与对照相比,揭帘前补光5 h、盖帘后补光5 h、揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h分别增加4.23%、12.91%、16.63%;揭帘前补光5 h显著增加番茄果实中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和总糖及番茄红素质量分数,分别为40.48%、53.33%、66.66%、47.25%和31.52%,而柠檬酸、苹果酸、有机酸质量分数差异不显著,从而显著增加番茄果实中糖酸比;盖帘后补光5 h和揭帘前和盖帘后各补光2.5 h分别显著降低番茄果实中蔗糖和果糖质量分数,而总糖、苹果酸、酒石酸、糖酸比及番茄红素质量分数差异不显著。不同时段补光处理的番茄果实糖酸各组分及番茄红素之间存在一定相关性,其中果糖、葡萄糖和总糖质量分数两两之间呈极显著正相关,柠檬酸和有机酸质量分数呈显著正相关,酒石酸与果糖、葡萄糖和总糖质量分数呈极显著正相关,与蔗糖质量分数呈显著正相关;番茄红素质量分数与总糖、各糖组分、苹果酸质量分数呈显著正相关。因此,揭帘前补光5 h可显著增加番茄果实的总产量,同时有利于促进番茄果实各糖酸组分质量分数的积累,从而提高番茄果实中总糖、有机酸质量分数和糖酸比,且增加番茄果实中番茄红素的质量分数,进而提高番茄营养与风味品质。