Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

粟蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium setariae=Cochliobolus setariae)氯酸钾抗性突变株的筛选

利用菌株对氯酸钾的抗性,在粟蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium setariae)中筛选氮代谢营养缺陷突变株,获得25株性状稳定的突变菌株。     

Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2‐azetidinonyl‐5‐(2‐benzoylphenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles against seed‐borne pathogens of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn

BACKGROUND: Finger millet is a major food crop as well as feed and fodder for livestock, especially in regions of southern India. A sturdy crop to fluctuating environmental conditions, it can be cultivated in all seasons of the year. Leaf, neck and finger blast caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and Bipolaris setariae (Saw.) Shoem, as well as leaf spot disease, Bipolaris nodulosa (Berk & M.A.Curtis) Shoem, are major production constraints in southern India. Apart from environmental conditions, the use of harvested seeds by farmers is a major reason for disease prevalence. Benzophenone analogues have been investigated for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, the most important applications of azetidin‐2‐ones are as antibiotics. Based on this information, the present study was conducted to explore the antifungal activity of integrated 2‐azetidinonyl and 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles moieties into a benzophenone framework. RESULTS: A simple high‐yielding method for the integration of heterocyclic rings, namely 2‐azetidinonyl, at the benzophenone nucleus has been achieved, starting from substituted 2‐hydroxybenzophenones under mild conditions on a wet solid surface using microwave irradiation. In the present study, an array of newly synthesised compounds, 2‐azetidinonyl‐5‐(2‐benzoylphenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, were screened for their antifungal property against blast and leaf spot causing fungi associated with the seeds of finger millet, cv. Indof‐9. CONCLUSION: Two of the newly synthesised compounds showed promising effects in depleting the incidence of seed‐borne pathogenic fungi of finger millet. The suppression of Pyricularia grisea and Bipolaris setariae resulted in enhanced seed germination and seedling growth. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

谷子十里香抗锈抑制消减杂交文库构建及初步分析

为了研究十里香抗锈分子机理及其调控机制。以谷子抗锈十里香接种12,24,48,72,96 h叶片为材料,利用抑制差减杂交技术,构建了谷锈菌诱导的SSH文库,筛选十里香接种与未接种锈菌差异表达的基因片段,通过Gen-Bank进行同源比对,对差异表达基因进行功能注释,并利用荧光定量PCR技术对部分差异表达片段进行表达分析。随机挑取差减文库中阳性克隆测序,共获得368个EST序列,插入片段大小为200~750 bp,通过网上GenBank非冗余数据库比对分析,发现其中32个EST与抗病相关。对与抗病相关的EST分析,推测WRKY转录因子、MAPK信号途径、钙信号途径、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、细胞色素P450、病程相关蛋白等可能参与了十里香与谷锈菌非亲和互作。进一步利用荧光定量PCR技术对SSH文库中4个基因做了表达分析,结果表明这些基因均受锈菌诱导表达。通过构建十里香受锈菌诱导的SSH文库,初步明确了十里香参与抗锈相关的基因,为下步谷子抗锈分子育种奠定基础。     

橡胶狗尾草平脐蠕孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

为明确采自西双版纳景洪地区疑似橡胶麻点病的病原菌,采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离,活体接种法进行致病性测定,通过形态学观察结合rDNA-ITS和GAPDH两个核苷酸片段序列分析,将病原菌确定为狗尾草平脐蠕孢Bipolaris setariae。通过单因子变量试验,对病原菌进行生物学特性研究,结果表明：菌丝生长最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7～8,最适培养基为PDA,菌丝致死温度为53℃,10 min。该病原菌能有效利用多种碳源和氮源,碳源以可溶性淀粉利用率最高,最适氮源为蛋白胨。24 h黑暗条件下培养更有利于菌丝生长。分生孢子萌发的最适温度为28～35℃,最适pH为7～8,28℃黑暗培养2 h后萌发率达到最大,为95.5%,分生孢子致死温度为60℃,10 min。     

云南木薯一种叶斑病病原的分离鉴定

2010年10月,在云南保山潞江坝木薯种植区发现了一种大面积发生的木薯叶斑病。笔者对这种叶斑病的病原菌进行了分离培养,经致病性鉴定、形态观察和ITS序列分析,将这种叶斑病的病原鉴定为狗尾草离蠕孢菌Bipolaris setariaeSawada。     

谷瘟病菌生理小种鉴别及谷子标准品种体系的构建

【目的】谷瘟病是谷子生产中的重要病害,确定谷瘟病菌不同生理小种对谷子抗病资源鉴定、抗病品种培育和生产上不同抗病品种的合理配置有重要意义。构建谷瘟病小种鉴别的谷子品种体系,为鉴别不同谷瘟病生理小种奠定基础。【方法】用采集自不同谷子产区的10份谷瘟病菌对苗期谷子核心种质资源的60份代表品种进行接种鉴定,分别对不同菌株进行致病性和谷子品种抗、感敏感性判定,按照谷子谷瘟病0—9级法划分标准进行划分,将不同的抗性结果分别记录为高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感5个抗病水平,其中,高抗、抗病和中抗记作0,感病和高感记作1,将抗感性结果转化为0/1数据,用NTSYS软件构建进化树,根据品种的抗感性分类,选择最少的品种数量构建谷瘟病小种鉴定的标准品种体系。【结果】根据谷子资源对接种病菌的抗感反应差异,用NTSYS软件开展谷瘟病菌致病性聚类分析,以相似系数0.70为界,将10个谷瘟病菌株分为3类,将供试品种对10个谷瘟病菌株的抗感反应数据同样用NTSYS软件进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.65为界,将谷子品种资源划分为5类,并筛选出单皮粘、金屏谷子、锦谷5号、大毛毛谷、龙爪谷、假金苗和牛头谷等7个品种作为谷瘟病小种鉴别品种体系。同时筛选出黄棒头、齐头黄、单皮粘、白谷、维子那谷和郑谷4号等6个抗广谱菌株的品种,可以作为谷子抗病育种的抗性基因来源。【结论】建立了一套谷瘟病生理小种鉴别的品种体系,并为谷子抗谷瘟病育种筛选出多份广谱抗性基础材料。     

云南甘蔗褐条病病原菌鉴定

<正>褐条病是甘蔗生长中后期叶部主要真菌病害之一。近年来因多雨高湿及感病品种大面积种植导致褐条病在我国第二大糖料基地云南暴发为害成灾，减产减糖严重[1],严重制约云南蔗糖产业的高质量发展。以病原菌研究为基础的种植和选育抗病品种是防治这种病害最经济有效的措施。有关云南蔗区褐条病病原菌研究甚少，有效防控依据缺乏。本研究从云南不同蔗区采集褐条病病样进行分离与鉴定，旨在明确病原菌种类，以期为甘蔗褐条病的流行预测及综合防治提供科学依据。