Estimating harvest costs and projecting quantities of logging residues for small-scale forestry in Nasushiobara,Tochigi Prefecture,Japan

We used GIS on a regional scale to estimate and compare supply potentials and costs of small-scale logging systems, a mini-forwarder and a 4-ton truck operated by private logging contractors, and manual logging and a light truck operated by individual forest own- ers, with the mechanized operational system of the Forest Owners＇ Asso- ciation. Total potential yields of timber and logging residues were esti- mated as 418,895 m3 and 254,962 m3, respectively. The economic bal- ances were estimated and available amounts were projected as supply potentials from profitable sub-compartments. As a result, available amounts of timber and logging residues were estimated at 375,466 m3 （89.9%） and 203,850 m3 （80.0%）, respectively. Because their transport expenses were lower than for other systems the most profitable sub-compartments were operated by private logging contractors who sold logging residues at a plant. The profitable sub-compartments operated by individual forest owners were few because the extracting distances were usually greater than 20 m. Raising logging residue prices from 3,000 yen·m-3 to 4,080 yen·m-3 or 6,800 yen·m-3, and establishing forest roads, which reduced some extracting distances to less than 20 m, increased the number and area of profitable sub＊compartments, and increased available amounts of logging residues.     

Using landscape metrics and topographic analysis to examine forest management in a mixed forest,Hokkaido, Japan: Guidelines for management interventions and evaluation of cover changes

In this study, we identified the distribution characteristics of a mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaved trees (a typical forest type in Hokkaido, Japan) using landscape metrics and topographic factors, and attempted to apply this knowledge to examine forest management. This approach provides a new perspective (i.e., the landscape structure) on forest management, which traditionally has been determined on the basis of individual forest stands. We first created a cover type map of the study area by means of aerial photo interpretation. The characteristics of each cover type identified from the photographs were determined using landscape metrics for each cover class. We digitized a forest administrative map (1:20,000 scale) using 20-m contours, and imported this into GIS software to produce a terrain model; on this model, we overlaid the cover types. Our examination of landscape metrics showed that most of the natural forest could be managed similarly. However, our examination of topographic characteristics revealed exceptions (e.g., areas that are difficult to regenerate) that will require particular attention when managing the natural forest. Based on the information we obtained, we proposed a guideline for sustainable forest management. From the land cover map, we proposed an “improved” cover type map to illustrate the development of a high growing stock of forest based on forest management. We compared the current cover map with the “improved” cover map and demonstrated that the improved form would have more significant effects on fauna that do not recognize differences in the proportion of the dominant species types than on those that can recognize these differences. Our results show how the information obtained using landscape metrics and terrain models is an essential tool for various stages of forest management planning.     

数据库可视化技术在统计数据管理领域中的应用

针对统计数据管理领域中对统计数据进行数据库可视化的需要,讨论了利用Mapinfo公司的MapX组件实现统计数据库与地理图形结合的思路与方法。介绍了数据库可视化的概念和MapX组件的模型结构,分析讨论了使用Mapx组件实现数据库可视化的方法。利用数据库可视化技术的图形化优势,使得统计数据的管理更加直观、方便,解决了传统的基于数据库的MIS(管理信息系统,Management Information System)系统在管理统计数据过程中存在的不直观、界面枯燥等问题。     

GIS tools applied to the sustainable management of water resources: Application to the aquifer system 08-29

The sustainable exploitation of water resources requires planning and control methods that allow the incorporation of a great number of spatial and temporal variables. Because of its features, a Geographic Information System (GIS) seems the most suitable tool to aid in the management of available hydric resources. In this study, we have developed a specific GIS within the GESMO Project in order to better manage the 08-29 aquifer system (Mancha Oriental). This tool is intended for use by the JCRMO: Junta Central de Regantes de la Mancha Oriental (General Board of Irrigation Users of Eastern La Mancha), the organism responsible for aquifer management.This system is designed to integrate information from different sources, such as remote sensing, fieldwork data or administrative files with the cadastral subplot as a common reference. One of its functions is to expedite the control and monitoring, in real time, of the exploitation plans, which constitute the legal instrument to regulate water extractions. It will allow us to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of water extractions needed for crops and their irrigation systems. These estimates will be highly valuable for aquifer modelling. The system also permits display of information on maps for easy handling. This visualisation allow users to more readily participate in decision-making processes.     

基于GIS的校园绿地养护信息系统的设计与应用

随着GIS技术的不断推广,采用空间与属性结合的方式对绿地进行管理越来越受到校园绿化部门的关注。该研究以北京林业大学绿地养护为例,依据需求分析,采用B/S结构,对系统总体结构和功能进行了设计,并建立绿地养护信息数据库,对该系统在北京林业大学的应用进行了示例。结果表明,基于GIS的校园绿地养护信息系统为绿地补植、灌溉、施肥、美化和防护等提供了信息化平台,可进一步提高绿地养护工作效率。     

基于全站仪和GIS技术的林业定位信息研究与应用

该文在实践中利用电子全站仪采集树木坐标、树高、胸径等野外数据 ,并将树种作为一种属性自动记录 ,所有数据自动传输给计算机形成信息数据库的信息采集方法 .将林木数字图与现有地形图进行叠加 ,既检验测树精度又提供现有地形图的变化情况 ,在林业工程规划设计中提供树种、直径、树高、小班面积等信息 .由GIS进行信息处理及成果输出 ,实现信息的可视化 .通过对北京西四环外 5 87棵单株树木及 15个小班的实测并经现状地形图检核证明 ,由于全站仪的自动化程度很高 ,利用其采集测树信息具有高精度、高效率的特点 .     

基于GIS的防护林空间配置调整辅助决策系统的框架设计

为防护林空间配置的调整提供定量化的辅助决策工具。结合防护林空间配置调整的特点和要求,进行了基于GIS的防护林空间配置调整辅助决策系统的框架设计。该系统由数据库、知识库、模型库和用户接口子系统组成,其中模型库中包括空间配置优化和空间配置调整两个基本模型。系统不仅可以充分发挥决策者的思维能动性,使防护林空间配置的优化与调整具有较高的科学性和实用性,更能够实现以小班为调整单元的防护林空间配置调整过程的可视化,对于生产实践具有很强的实际指导意义。