Distribution of the Mallorcan midwife toad (Alytes muletensis) in relation to landscape topography and introduced predators

The endemic midwife toad of Mallorca (Alytes muletensis) is restricted to a small number of breeding populations in the mountainous northwest of the island. The decline of the species has been attributed to the impacts of introduced species such as the viperine snake (Natrix maura) and green frog (Rana perezi), and toads may be surviving only in areas that are suboptimal for these predators. The influence of landscape features (elevation, aspect and maximum slope) on the distribution of toads and associated predators was therefore investigated using GIS. The presence of toads was positively associated with steep slopes. At sites where they occurred with toads, the distribution of predators was negatively associated with elevation. Reproductive success within toad populations was strongly associated with the number of pools at each site, while reproductive success within individual pools was positively associated with elevation. These findings may be used to optimise the design and location of future reintroduction sites.     

基于City Star地理信息系统的农业气候资源网格点推算

应用City Star地理信息系统和多元回归方法建立了偏关县温度，降水要素的小网格推算模型。运用这些模型计算了偏关县各网格点旬，月，年平均气温，以及月，年降水量的累年平均值和各级界限温度的初终日期，间隔日数和积温，效果良好。     

水产种质资源地理信息系统设计与实观

水产种质资源地理信息系统是为了实现水产种质资源数据共享而开发的一个C/S模式共享平台。采用VB＋MapX的二次开发方式，实现了空间数据与属性数据互相查询、数据管理以及报表输出等功能，另外还绘制了水产物种地理的分布图和水系分布图。     

基于掌上电脑的农田信息快速采集与处理系统的研究

为了解决精细农业中空间信息及属性信息的快速获取与分析处理问题，提出并实现了基于掌上电脑的农田信息快速采集与实时处理系统。分析了具体实现系统功能的若干关键技术，如地理信息系统(GIS)、空间索引、Windows CE数据库技术、采样控制等因硬件环境的不同而产生的问题及相应的解决方案，又针对农场环境下的特殊性，提出并实现了一个面向对象的农场模型，以便于更好的描述农场环境及更方便的确定采样方案。作为一种实时系统，该系统可结合全球定位系统(GPS)和各种传感器，快速地测量和分析农田信息。应用该系统对两种GPS(Ag132与MAP330)进行了精度比较试验，快速而方便地证实了Ag132有更好的精确性与稳定性，更适于农业生产要求。试验的过程与结果也间接表明了该系统具有较好的实用性，为精细农业田间信息快速采集和处理设备的研制与开发奠定了基础。     

“3S”技术在水土保持工作中的应用及展望

随着遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)与全球定位系统(GPS)三项技术的飞速发展,其在水土保持工作中的应用也得到不断加强。基于“3S”技术在水土保持工作中的应用,提出了“3S”技术的集成构想,最后对“3S”技术在水土保持中的应用做了相应的展望。     

四川省南充市GIS土壤数据库系统设计的理论研究

在调查、收集大量土壤资料的基础上,以地理信息系统(G IS)为支撑、以试验对比分析作验证,对南充土壤数据库设计与应用进行了系统的研究,首次建立基于G IS的南充市土壤数据库系统,提出了建立市级土壤数据库系统的原则、方法、模式和土壤数据库系统推广应用新的技术路线。     

基于GIS的小流域坡耕地调查方法探讨

坡耕地研究是水土流失治理及水土保持规划的核心内容 ,GIS的发展及其在多领域的成功应用为坡耕地研究提供了新的技术手段。用矢量基础图件叠加来获取单元图斑的方法是GIS的基本功能 ,但叠加多边形的不确定性成为影响GIS数据质量的灾难性因素。以MapGIS作为基础平台 ,以DOM作为控制底图更新信息 ,采取矢栅叠加的方法获得单元图斑 ,用操作属性表获取专题属性 ,进行小流域坡耕地快速调查的研究 ,展示了矢栅叠加方法在信息复合过程中的显著优势。     

Spatial modeling of wind speed around windbreaks

This paper presents a model to integrate windbreak shelter effects into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The GIS procedure incorporates the 1999 version windbreak sub-model of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS). Windbreak shelter is modeled in terms of friction velocity reduction, which is a function of wind speed and direction, distance from the barrier, windbreak height, porosity, width, and orientation. A first application of the model was conducted at a study area with an extensive windbreak network in England (Thetford, East Anglia). Windbreak characteristics (windbreak type, height, width, porosity, and location) were recorded. Porosity was estimated from digitized B/W silhouettes. To evaluate the network effectiveness, a windbreak network shelter index (SI) was proposed in terms of average reduction of friction velocity over the area due to network shelter. The network was found to give good protection, but the windbreak distribution was not optimal in relation to the wind vector distribution.     

Carbon sequestration potential of recommended management practices for paddy soils of China, 1980-2050

China's rice paddies, accounting for 19% of the world's total, play an important role in soil carbon (C) sequestration. In order to reduce uncertainties from upscaling spatial processes of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model for improving the understanding of C sequestration under recommended management practices (RMPs), we parameterized the DNDC model with a 1:1,000,000 polygonal soil database to estimate how RMPs influence potential C sequestration of the top 30 cm of Chinese paddy soils and to identify which management practices have the greatest potential to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in these soils. These practices include reduced/no tillage, increasing crop residue return, and increasing manure applications. A baseline and eleven RMP scenarios were projected from 2009 to 2080, including traditional and conservation tillage, increasing crop residue return, increasing manure incorporation, and the combination of these practices. The results indicated that C sequestration potential under modeled RMPs increased compared to the baseline scenario, and varied greatly from 29.2 to 847.7 Tg C towards the end of the study period with an average rate of 0.7 to 20.2 Tg C yr^− 1. In general, increasing crop residue return was associated with higher rates of C sequestration when compared to increasing manure application or practicing conservation tillage. The simulations demonstrated that the most effective soil C sequestration strategy probably involves the implementation of a combination of RMPs, and that they vary by location.     

GIS支持的起伏地形下重庆市水汽压的空间分布

利用起伏地形下水汽压空间分布式模型，通过插值计算重庆市100m高度和实际地形下月平均和年平均水汽压的空间分布。结果表明：重庆市水汽压的季节变化很明显；而且随着海拔高度的增加，水汽压逐渐减小；各月水汽压的最小值出现在东北山区。