A new Curvularia lunata variety discovered in Huanghuaihai Region in China

The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant pathogens of Curvularia leaf spot and their pathogenicity variation in Huanghuaihai Region of China in recent years. In 2013 and 2016–2017, the occurrences of Curvularia leaf spots on maize were investigated in fields located in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and 292 fungi were isolated from diseased leaves. These fungal isolates were subjected to morphological identification, and 232 isolates were found to have about 70% uncurved conidia and were identified as Curvularia lunata var. Most of the conidia of 2 representative isolates, namely, HNWB-131 and HNWB-185, were oblong with parallel septations and were distinctly different from a reference isolate CX-3. For further determination, the internal transcribed spacer(ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), the large subunit(LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(EF1-α) sequences of HNWB-131, HNWB-185, and CX-3 were amplified and sequenced. The results of sequence analysis showed that the 4 gene sequences from the 3 isolates had a similarity of more than 99% to C. lunata. Based on the sequences of ITS and the combined data of the 4 genes, neighbor-joining trees were constructed for phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that these 3 isolates were clustered together with C. lunata. The expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes in mycelia and conidia was significantly(P0.05) higher in CX-3 than in HNWB-131 and HNWB-185. This study found that the dominant pathogen of Curvularia leaf spot was a new variety of C. lunata with morphological variations in Huanghuaihai Region from 2013 to 2017. The pathogenicity of the C. lunata var. was not significantly enhanced, and the expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes of C. lunata var. was decreased.     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病药剂防治持效期的研究

通过田间先施药后接种的方法,测定了4种杀菌剂对玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌防治持效期的研究。结果表明:代森锰锌的持效期较长,可达10 d以上,施药后15 d,保护作用效果仍在48%以上;甲基托布津、百可得和百菌清3种药剂的持效期较短,可维持7 d。     

玉米种质资源对弯孢菌叶斑病的抗性评价

试验用田间自然每件下人工接种的方法,对四川省主栽玉米品种（组合）和自交系共119份玉米种质进行了抗玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的鉴定,结果表明没有对新月弯孢菌免疫和高抗的材料,绝大多数表现中感。少数具有一定的抗性。自交系中Mo17、156,7922,81565、南21—3、自48—2等为中等抗病材料,其中Mo17抗性最好。品种中苗期和成株期都表现抗性的材料有3个,即白蜜超甜玉米、济单7号、济单94—2。抗性材料所占比例较大的是四川农业大学玉米研究所提供的杂交组合,32个材料中共有7个组合种具有抗性,约占21．9％,全表现为中抗,可能有望筛选出抗病的材料。     

20种有毒植物的不同提取物对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的抑菌活性测定

用生长速率测定法，测试了长白山20种有毒植物的不同溶剂提取物对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌（Curvularia lunata Boed．）的离体抑制活性．结果表明，供试20种有毒植物的不同溶剂提取物在稀释1000倍的情况下，艾蒿正丁醇提取物对供试病原菌的菌丝生长抑制率最高（81．01％），藜芦生物碱提取物与延胡索氯仿提取物也表现出较高的活性。     

禾本科植物上的弯孢属真菌

对弯孢属(Curvularia)的分类作了简要的阐述。报道了我国已发现禾本科植物上的弯孢属真菌24种,总结了弯孢属种级分类标准和禾本科植物上的弯孢属真菌分种检索表。     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发生和防治若干问题研究

对吉林省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的发生和防治几个问题进行试验研究。结果表明:室内保存1～3年的病叶、当年室外越冬的病叶均具有产孢能力;玉米生育期对弯孢菌侵染概率有明显的影响,生育前期侵染概率高,抗侵染力低,生育后期侵染概率低,抗侵染力强;施用氮肥、磷肥对玉米弯孢菌侵染概率影响不明显,而钾肥能降低侵染概率。对生产中一些玉米品种、自交系进行抗病性鉴定,如吉玉106、CM1、济单7号、吉846、5002表现抗性较好。筛选出对防治弯孢菌叶斑病有效的药剂:甲基托布津防效最高,可达91.59%;其次是炭疽福美、速克灵,防效也分别达88.37%和82.98%;代森锰锌的防效为78.37%。     

玉米弯孢叶斑病菌NADPH氧化酶生物信息学分析和ATMT敲除载体的构建

从JGI数据库玉米弯孢叶斑病菌(Curvularia lunata)基因组中获得2个编码NADPH氧化酶基因ClNox1和ClNox2。采用生物信息学方法对2个基因编码的蛋白质进行性质、结构和功能等方面的预测。结果表明,ClNox1和ClNox2的分子量分别为6.35和6.41 KD,等电点PI为8.87和8.93,不稳定指数为44.50和39.45;ClNox1是亲水性膜蛋白,包含6个明显的跨膜结构域;ClNox2也是膜蛋白,包含8个明显的跨膜结构域。在亚细胞水平上,ClNox1定位于线粒体上,而ClNox2定位于细胞质膜上;在氨基酸序列方面,ClNox1和ClNox2都含有多个苏氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点;在功能方面,ClNox1和ClNox2都包含NADPH氧化酶特征结构域,并且与Cochliobolus heterostrophus的NADPH氧化酶基因具有较高的同源性。根据ClNox1和ClNox2序列设计特异性引物扩增目的片段,与标记基因NPTII和HphGFP分别连入骨架载体pPZP100,构建完成ClNox1和ClNox2基因的敲除载体pPZP100NPTIIClNox1和pPZP100HphGFPClNox2,为根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化提供基础材料。     

玉米弯孢菌叶斑病拮抗放线菌BPS2发酵条件的初步探索

通过单因子和正交试验对玉米弯孢菌叶斑病[Curvularialunata(Waker)]拮抗放线菌BPS2进行了发酵条件的研究,包括发酵液的初步筛选、碳源、氮源、初始pH值、装液量、发酵时间等。结果表明,最佳培养基和培养条件为1000mL培养基中蔗糖2.0%、玉米粉2.0%、黄豆饼粉3.0%、蛋白胨0.6%、硫酸铵0.3%、磷酸二氢钾0.1%、氯化钠0.1%、碳酸钙0.3%,培养初始pH值为6,250mL三角瓶装液量为30mL,发酵周期为60h。     

玉米黄斑病菌产毒条件及毒素稳定性研究

玉米黄斑菌(Curvularia lunata)是一具有产毒作用的半知菌。通过试验表明,不同的培养条件菌丝体的产毒量不同,产毒以15～20 d达到高峰,产毒的适宜pH值为6,适宜温度15～20℃,并且黑暗和静止条件相对于光照和振荡条件产生毒素量较多;玉米黄斑菌毒素对热稳定,在黑暗条件下利于毒素保存。     

四川省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发生情况调查及分析

 田间调查表明,玉米弯孢菌叶斑病可随种子远距离传播,玉米品种间感病性有差异,病残组织可在四川省田间自然越冬,多雨、高温、高湿有利于病害发生。玉米于苗期即可发病,穗期病情达到最高峰,成熟期病情趋于稳定。