欧美国家针叶树容器苗生产与启示

针叶树是芬兰、瑞典、挪威、美国、加拿大等欧美国家主要的商品林树种。容器苗是针叶树重要的育苗类型。与裸根苗比较，容器苗具有育苗周期更短、造林季节可延长、苗木适应性更广、苗木质量更一致的优点。因此，容器育苗成为精准林业发展的必然趋势。为了借鉴欧美容器育苗的技术方法，提高我国容器苗的质量，为我国针叶树容器苗发展提供参考，文中主要从4个方面综述了欧美国家检测与提高苗木质量的方法，即列举了针叶树常用的苗木质量检测指标，总结了育苗容器与育苗基质的改良进展，介绍了养分、水分、光照与温度等培养条件的优化手段，简要概述了容器苗病虫害防控的进展，提出了我国相关树种容器苗生产的启示与借鉴。     

南美白对虾淡水养殖试验报告

采取人工调兑淡水盐度，定点投喂颗粒饲料，调节水质及病害预防措施，在667m^2淡水池塘中养殖南美白对虾，经107天的饲养管理，共产南美白对虾160．2kg，平均体长达13．5cm/尾，体重20g/尾，成活率达到80．1％，共获利润5732．5元，投入产出比1：2．47。     

美国黑豚养殖技术

美国黑豚属野生皮毛兽种类,是食草哺乳动物,形态小而肥胖,通身黑色与兔十分相似,成龄黑豚体重一般在800g左右,最重可达到1500-2000g,前肢短小,不善跳跃,行动敏捷。皮毛丰厚细密、黑亮光涌,是加工高档裘皮服装和工艺饰品的加工原料,豚肉是味道鲜美的上等佳品,其血液是提取歧氧化酶的最理想原料。具有很高的经济值和利用价值。     

Heterologous Radioimmunoassay for Llama and Alpaca Luteinizing Hormone with a Monoclonal Antibody,an Equine Standard and a Human Tracer

A radioimmunoassay for llama and alpaca LH was developed using a human I¹²⁵LH tracer from a commercial kit, equine LH diluted in human LH free serum as standard, and a monoclonal antibody (518B7) specific for LH but with low species specificity. A 60-min delay in the addition of the tracer and overnight incubation gave a sensitivity of 0.8 μg L⁻¹. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 37% at 1 μg L⁻¹, declined to 15% at 4 pg L⁻¹ and was below 6% for concentrations up to 32 μg L⁻¹. The inter-assay coefficients of variation for 3 control samples were 20% (2.8 μg L⁻¹), 16% (7.1 μg L⁻¹) and 9.8% (19 μg L⁻¹). In an attempt to increase sensitivity, all tubes were preincubated for 4 h at room temperature before adding the tracer, and the sample volume was increased from 50 μL to 100 μL· (in the standard curve the increased volume was compensated for by human LH free serum). With this protocol, the assay sensitivity was 0.5 μg L⁻¹. The assay was validated clinically and demonstrated increased concentrations of LH after mating in llamas and alpacas. Furthermore, the assay was used to monitor LH responses to a single dose of GnRH in llamas (adult males and females at different ages).     

新疆美洲斑潜蝇寄主种类及适合度的调查

通过乌鲁木齐、昌吉等地调查，发现新疆美洲斑潜蝇的寄主植物计有17科55种，其中蔬菜28种(变种)、大田作物8种，花卉和草坪植物13种、野生植物6种。以豆科、葫芦科植物受害最重。应用欧氏距离法的系统聚类分析，研究了美洲斑潜蝇对14种常见寄主植物的适合度；将其划分为5个类型，即最优适宜寄主、良好适宜寄主、适宜寄主、稍次适宜寄主和非适宜寄主。为害虫的防治决策提供了科学依据。     

Foliar nematode,Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii,population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease‐affected trees in Canada and the US

A foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, is associated with beech leaf disease (BLD) symptoms. Information about the types of tissues parasitized and how nematode populations fluctuate in these tissues over time is needed to improve surveys as well as understand the nematodes role in BLD. During this study, the nematode was detected throughout the known range of BLD by researchers at both Canadian and US institutions using a modified pan method to extract nematodes. Monthly collections of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves during the growing season (May–October), and leaves and buds between growing seasons (November–March), revealed that nematodes were present in all tissue types. Progressively larger numbers of nematodes were detected in symptomatic leaves from Ohio and Ontario, with the greatest detections at the end of the growing season. Smaller numbers of nematodes were detected in asymptomatic leaves from BLD‐infected trees, typically at the end of the growing season. The nematode was detected overwintering in buds and detached leaves. The discovery of small numbers of nematodes in detached leaves at one location before BLD was detected indicates that nematodes may have been present before disease symptoms were expressed. Other nematodes, Plectus and Aphelenchoides spp., were infrequently detected in small numbers. Our findings support the involvement of the nematode in BLD and indicate that symptoms develop only when certain requirements, such as infection of buds, are met. We also found that the nematode can be reliably detected in buds and leaves using the modified pan extraction method.     

皇后黑李优良单株——隆丰1号黑李的选育

对皇后黑李、隆丰1号黑李的生物学特征和植物学特性进行观察记载;开展皇后黑李优良单株的选育,选出优良单株——隆丰1号黑李。     

美国食用菌产业发展报告

通过利用美国农业部、农业统计局及相关行业网站发布的产业数据、新闻报道和研究报告,对美国食用菌产业的变化趋势及其原因进行梳理。结果发现,随着生产效率的提高美国食用菌产量和产值逐年提高,但通过不断的兼并收购,食用菌生产者的数量明显下降。在政府组织和行业自发的行业组织和协调下,美国食用菌行业竞争有序,食用菌价格稳定,食用菌产业创造了良好的经济、社会和生态效益。美国是世界食用菌生产强国,研究美国食用菌生产和消费变化趋势,了解食用菌产业组织的活动和经验,有助于引导我国食用菌产业的健康发展。