甜瓜果实中芳香物质的研究现状

芳香物质是衡量甜瓜果实品质高低的重要指标之一，它是由不同挥发性物质组成的混合物，主要包括醇类、醛类、酮类、萜类、酯类以及含硫化合物等。主要综述不同品种甜瓜芳香物种类及其芳香物相关基因的研究现状。     

乙烯生物合成关键酶基因研究进展

ACC合成酶(ACS)和ACC氧化酶(ACO)是催化乙烯生物合成的两个关键酶，这两个酶的基因在调控果品和花卉完熟及衰老方面具有重要意义，本文综述了ACS和ACO基因最新研究进展。     

Cloning and analysis of cross-intron genomic gene encoding ACO in Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.

The last step of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants is to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene by ACC oxidase (ACO). In our investigation, a cross-introns genomic DNA gene encoding ACC oxidase, PsgACO, was isolated from Paeonia suffruticosa. It revealed that PsgACO (FJ855434) has 1281 bases, containing four exons and three introns, encoding 312 amino acids. The four exons stretched from 1 to 105, 217 to 434, 592 to 925 and 1000 to 1281 bases. A splicing junction sequence of all the exon-introns conformed to the GT-AG rule in the cross-intron genomic DNA sequence of the ACO gene. PsgACO showed high homology to many characterized ACC oxidases both at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels. As well, twelve amino acid residues were conserved among many ACOs from other species. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the amino acid of ACOs is quite conserved among the different eudicots. The phylogenetic tree showed that both the tree peony and herbaceous peony are quite isolated taxa. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the molecular weight of ACO is 35.29 kD, with a theoretical pI of 5.25. It is a non-secrete, stable hydrophilic protein, located in the cytoplasm.     

高等植物ACC氧化酶基因启动子研究进展

启动子是控制植物基因表达的重要DNA序列结构,本文从高等植物ACO基因启动子克隆、顺式作用元件分析及GUS基因表达等方面着眼,综述该领域的研究进展。     

Effect of Environmental Stress and Ethylene on the Expression of LeACO1 Gene

The specific ACC oxidase 1 gene fragment of tomato was cloned and prepared for a probe which was used to hybridize with total RNAs that were extracted from the materials treated with ethylene and different environmental stresses, such as drought, water recovery, flood, wound and temperature, respectively. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of LeACO1 was restrained by drought, while strongly induced by water recovery and exogenous ethylene. After treated by flood stress, the expression level of I_eACO1 in leaves had no distinctively changes, while its expression level in stems was rapidly increased. Moreover, the expression of LeACO1 in tomato stems could be induced at the temperature of 37 degree. In addition, wounding had no influence on the expression of LeACO1.     

苹果 MD-ACO1启动子的克隆

以苹果（Malus pumila Mill．）品种“皇家嘎拉”（Rolay Gala）叶片为材料,采用 CTAB 的方法提取总 DNA。根据 GenBank 中已发表的苹果 ACO1启动子的 DNA 序列,设计引物。采用 PCR 法,克隆该启动子的 DNA 片断。得到了长度分别为953bp 和975bp 的 DNA 片段。DNA 测序分析软件分析结果显示：该序列与已登录的片断的核苷酸序列一致性分别为98％、97％,认为该基因为苹果 ACO1的启动子序列。     

Role of the genes Md-ACO1 and Md-ACS1 in ethylene production and shelf life of apple (Malus domestica Borkh)

Shelf life determines the economic life time of mature apples, which can be either freshly harvested or stored. Good shelf life is highly associated with a slow decrease of fruit firmness at room temperature. Apple is a climacteric fruit, in which loss of firmness seems to be physiologically related to ethylene. Ethylenes biosynthetic pathway is controlled by two large gene families coding for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxydase (ACO).In this study, one ACS and one ACO gene were examined for their effect on ethylene production and shelf life in apple using gene specific molecular marker, and have also been positioned on a molecular marker linkage map. The ACO marker was developed in this research and mapped on linkage group (LG) 10 of the crosses Prima × Fiesta and Fuji × Mondial Gala, within the 5% border of a previously identified fruit firmness QTL [Theor Appl Genet 100 (2000) 1074]. We denoted this locus as Md-ACO1. In addition, we mapped the previously developed Md-ACS1 marker [Theor Appl Genet 101 (2000) 742] on LG15.Studies on the cross Fuji × Braeburn revealed that Md-ACS1 and Md-ACO1 independently affect the internal ethylene concentration (IEC) as well as shelf life of apple, Md-ACS1 having the strongest effect. Descendants homozygous for Md-ACS1-2 and Md-ACO1-1 showed to have the lowest ethylene production as well as superior shelf-life. These two genes are candidates to be included in marker assisted breeding.     

7种植物花瓣ACO基因的克隆与分析

为获得通用的适用于植物花瓣ACO基因克隆与检测的引物,根据Genbank中收录的双子叶木本植物的ACO基因序列,设计1对简并引物,并用其对随机选择的7种植物(紫罗兰、多头菊、冬樱、迎春、云南杜鹃、垂丝海棠、山茶)的花瓣的RNA进行PCR扩增。结果发现：从7种植物花瓣中都能扩增出约800 bp的特异片段,登录Genbank发现均未被注册,将序列提交Genbank数据库,获得7种植物花瓣ACO基因的登录号(JX503067、JX503068、JX503069、JX503070、KC112390、KC112392、KC112393);在NCBI上进行blast比对,发现所克隆的7个ACO基因均与其他植物的ACO基因有一定的序列相似性,其中冬樱ACO基因与千叶桃花ACO基因同源性最高,为98%,迎春ACO基因与中华猕猴桃ACO6基因的同源性最低,为88%,将7个ACO基因的片段进行多序列比较分析,发现两两之间序列平均相似性为77%。     

番茄ACC氧化酶基因cDNA的克隆及三种植物表达载体构建

乙烯在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用.ACC氧化酶是乙烯生物合成途径的限速酶.通过反义基因工程调控ACC氧化酶基因的表达,进而起到调控乙烯的生成是乙烯研究的主要途径.本研究采用RT-PCR方法获得番茄ACC氧化酶基因cDNA序列1 018 bp,构建该基因的正义、反义、RNAi表达载体,通过电转化法导入农杆菌LBA4404中.