水流冲击多段滞留气团的三维数值模拟

针对水气两相瞬变现象,充分考虑了水体弹性、气体可压缩性、水-气交界面的动态运动以及多段气团间相互作用,采用三维CFD方法对起伏管道内含多段滞留气团的水气两相作用进行建模和模拟,选择Standard k-ε湍流模型进行模拟研究,将三维计算结果、现有一维模型计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,并通过水气两相分布图展现动态变化过程.结果表明:与一维模型相比,三维CFD模型能够更为准确地模拟起伏管道内瞬变压力波动,并且能够清楚描述水气掺混、耦合的动态变化.水流冲击初始两段滞留气团压力波动曲线显示,多气团间的瞬变压力并非同步变化,可能呈现多气团峰值压力交替出现的情况,这与初始气团长度密切相关.水气交界面自由变化,阻断水体长度时刻发生变化,当水体运动到管道弯曲处时会产生新的阻断水体,将气团分成若干部分.     

氨唑草酮的水解、挥发及其在水-沉积物系统中的降解特性

为评价氨唑草酮的环境安全性,参照国家标准GB/T 31270-2014的要求,采用室内模拟法研究了氨唑草酮在不同温度和不同pH值缓冲溶液中的水解特性、在不同环境介质中的挥发特性,以及在2种水-沉积物系统中的降解特性。结果表明:氨唑草酮在25 ℃时,在pH值为4或7的缓冲液中水解半衰期均长于365 d,在pH值为9的缓冲液中水解半衰期为90.0 d,属于难水解至中等水解农药。在20~25 ℃、气体流速500 mL·min^-1的条件下,氨唑草酮在空气、水和土壤中的挥发率均小于1%,属于难挥发农药。氨唑草酮在湖泊(杭州西湖)水-沉积物系统和河流(京杭大运河)水-沉积物系统中的降解符合一级动力学方程,好氧降解半衰期分别为408 d和630 d,厌氧降解半衰期分别为248 d和990 d,在水-沉积物系统中属于难降解农药。     

宿州沱河沉积物重金属分布及污染评价

为探明宿州沱河沉积物重金属分布和污染特征,对沱河表层沉积物中8种重金属进行分析,利用地累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数(RI)评价重金属的生态风险.结果表明:除Pb外,沉积物中重金属含量均高于各自背景值.从Igeo评价结果看,Pb、Cr、Ni、Mn处于未污染状态,Cu、Zn、As处于轻度污染状态,Cd部分采样点评价结果达到偏中度污染状态.从RI评价结果看,Cd属于很强的生态风险水平,其余元素属于轻微生态风险水平.污染来源方面,Cr、Mn、Ni主要来自金属加工;Cu、Zn主要来自居民生活产生的污染;As主要来源于工业活动产生的废水或农业生产过程中的农药化肥;Cd、Pb来源于汽车尾气、工业生产中煤的运输和燃烧及轮胎磨损中所含的粉尘等交通污染输入源.     

奶牛围产期饲养管理的几点建议

奶牛围产期，即分娩前3周(干奶后期)至分娩后的前2周(初产期)。奶牛围产期经历着一系列来自自身生理状态改变、饲粮改变和外界环境改变的变化。各种感染性和代谢性疾病如产乳热，酮中毒、胎衣滞留、子宫炎和真胃移位主要发生在这一阶段。因此人们特别关注这一时期的饲养管理，养好了，围产期顺利度过，生产能力正常发挥；养不好，则奶牛健康状况差。     

绵羊羔羊尿石症的病因分析及防治

宁夏某种羊场胚胎移植和纯种繁殖的2~5月龄羔羊连续发生排尿困难和膀胱积尿现象,膀胱破裂者多于发病后6~72h死亡;发病率高达27·34%,死亡率达26·92%。解剖可见输尿管和尿道均有不同程度的固体沉积物堵塞。初步诊断为尿石症。经临床治疗,并取堵塞物样品进行实验室诊断,确诊为磷     

Sediment Load in Runoff Under Laboratory and Field Simulated Rainfall

Soil erosion is one of the most important problems in the Loess Plateau of China affecting sustainable agriculture. Near Luoyang (Henan Province, China), field plots were constructed to measure soil erosion rates under conventional tillage practices using field-simulated rainfall.Field rainfall experiments were carried out to compare previous results from laboratory rainfall simulations on the same soil for interrill conditions. Although in the laboratory experiments, a strong correlation was found betweenthe stream power of the runoff water and the unit sediment load, this sediment transport equation overestimated the field rainfall simulation results. Another sediment transport equation derived by Nearing et al. for rill erosion was in better agreement with the results of the field experiments, although it also overestimated these values. The measured sediment load values during the field rainfall simulations were also lower than those found during field experiments on the same soil but with a loosened surface layer. This difference indicates the importance of soil physical condition of surfce like soil structure and aggregate size, which may contribute to the discrepancy between the field and laboratory experiment results.     

淀粉摄入量对断奶马生长和骨骼发育的影响

用44匹断奶马设计两个试验来评估淀粉摄人量对断奶马生长和骨骼发育的影响．存试验1中．试验断奶马被喂给谷物为基础，高淀粉浓度(31．1％)日粮或副产品为基础，不加淀粉加沿海绊根草(Cynodon dactylon)为试验组。利用玉米油补充日粮能量浓度。能量浓度：干草是64：36．两种日粮的摄入量是一致的．摄入高浓度淀粉的断奶马的体增重(0．81kg／d)与另一组(0．67kg／d)相比显著增加(P=0．01)。高摄入浓度淀粉的断奶马的体长增加(15．5cm)与另一组(13．2cm)相比也显著提高(P=0．045)．其它的身体指标测定和骨骼矿物质沉积物情况不受日粮影响。在试验期末．     

Identification of Suspected Stem/progenitor Cells in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Culture System

To develop the potential function of dairy cow mammary stem cells (DCMECs) in regulation of lactation,we identify putative DCMECs which were BrdU label retaining epithelial cells,at the same time,analysis the location of two new mammary stem cells molecular marks FNDC3B and PROCR to verify the feasibility of them to indicate DCMECs.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 and their receptors were detected along with cell passage by Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the proportion of BrdU label-retaining epithelial cells was nearly 0.4% after 25 d continuous culture (passaged 4 times) and few cells were positive for FNDC3B or PROCR.Moreover,we observed the BrdU labelled epithelial cells by asymmetric division.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and their receptors in primary and passage cells were extremely significant difference(P<0.01).DCMECs would rapidly lose some physiological characteristics and the ability of milk synthesis when not under the condition of induction of lactation differentiation,but a certain percentage of mammary stem/progenitor cells will be retained,whose potential effects on the regulation of lactation and mammary acinar remodeling were worthy of attention.     

近岸海域沉积物中汞的化学形态研究进展

水环境中的汞存在多种形态,其中甲基汞是环境中汞的一种最重要的存在形态,是唯一能在水生食物链中富集放大的形态,也是汞的各形态中毒性最强的一类污染物。沉积物作为水环境的重要成分,是汞富集的重要场所,也是环境中甲基汞生成的重要场所。本文主要综述了近岸海域沉积物中汞的化学形态研究进展,以期为进一步深入研究沉积物中汞的生物地球化学行为提供参考。