Simulation modelling of potato virus Y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity

Potato virus Y(PVY) is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production. We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency, initial inoculum levels, vector behavior, vector abundance, and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season. Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season. However, when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high, significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low. Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids, particularly at high densities. An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season, while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread. Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields. Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.     

一株高致病力赭绿青霉的生物学特性及杀虫活性

为明确一株高致病力赭绿青霉Penicillium ochrochloron Q-1的生防潜力，室内测试了不同营养、环境因素及常见杀菌剂、杀虫剂对菌株Q-1的影响，并采用室内毒力测定方法研究菌株Q-1对不同昆虫的毒力。结果表明：菌株Q-1对营养要求较低，最适生长和产孢培养基分别为淀粉琼脂培养基（SYA）和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA），最适生长碳源为麦芽糖，最适产孢碳源为葡萄糖，最适生长和产孢氮源均为蛋白胨，最适生长及产孢温度为28℃，最适pH为6.0，同时菌株Q-1的孢子对紫外线具有一定的耐受力；化学农药中四螨嗪等杀虫剂对菌株Q-1生长影响较小，多菌灵、咪鲜胺等杀菌剂明显抑制菌株Q-1生长；在1×10⁷孢子/mL浓度下，菌株Q-1对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨的LT₅₀分别为4.08、21.37和28.43 h。综上，菌株Q-1生长快、产孢量高，对棉铃虫幼虫、家蚕幼虫及柑橘全爪螨雌成螨致病力高，本研究为赭绿青霉进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

人机交互与数字图书馆

对现代图书馆电子阅览室进行了人性化服务功能的探讨,并提出了几点电子阅览室创新服务的建议。     

非平衡有向网络上求解分布式经济分配问题的原始-对偶算法

受电力系统经济分配问题的启发,研究了分布式经济分配问题,其主要目标是在m个智能体组成的非平衡有向网络上最小化m个局部凸代价函数之和.网络中的每个智能体都仅仅知道自己私有的局部凸代价函数,并且同时受到耦合线性约束和局部不等式约束的影响.此外,特别关注每个智能体仅允许通过不平衡有向网络与其内部邻居进行交互的情况.为了分布式地解决上述问题,提出一种新的只需要智能体进行本地计算和本地通信的完全分布式原始-对偶次梯度算法.当网络拓扑是强连通的且权重矩阵是行随机时,理论分析证明本文的算法可以渐进收敛到全局优化问题的最优解.最后,给出了电力系统中分布式经济分配问题的数值仿真,验证了所提出算法的有效性和分析过程的正确性.     

不同施肥水平下青蒿氮、磷、钾养分吸收特性

通过大田试验研究不同施肥水平下青蒿氮、磷、钾的吸收、累积与分配规律。选用当地主栽青蒿品种渝青 1 号为材料,设置高肥、中肥和低肥 3 个施肥水平。于苗期、分枝初期、分枝盛期及蕾期采集植株样本,分为根、茎、 枝和叶 4 部分,测定氮、磷、钾含量,计算青蒿主要生育期植株养分吸收、累积和分配情况。结果表明：青蒿对钾肥 的需求量最多,氮肥次之,磷肥最少。高肥和中肥处理整个生育期氮在不同器官中的含量为叶>枝>根>茎。低肥处理整 个生育期氮在不同器官中的含量为叶>枝>茎>根。高肥、中肥和低肥 3 个处理整个生育期磷在不同器官中的含量均为叶 >枝>茎>根。苗期和蕾期生长阶段高肥、中肥和低肥 3 个处理钾在不同器官中的含量均为叶>枝>茎>根,分枝初期和分 枝盛期生长阶段 3 个施肥处理钾在不同器官中的含量均为枝>叶>茎>根。不同施肥处理对养分积累趋势影响不大,但可 显著影响各器官在不同生育时期的养分积累量及分配比例。养分累积吸收量在生育前期较少,生育中后期急剧增加。 养分累积量以钾最多,氮次之,磷最少。青蒿中氮磷钾的吸收、累积与分配规律在不同施肥水平下存在差异,生产中 应根据土壤肥力和产量目标,采取合理施肥措施,达到经济施肥的目的。     

渝产酸橙果实生长及有效成分积累动态的研究

[目的]研究渝产酸橙果实生长及有效成分积累动态规律,为确定川枳实、川枳壳适宜采收时期提供依据。[方法]通过定株取酸橙不同时期果实样品,测定其中辛弗林和柚皮苷含量。[结果]随着酸橙果实的生长,其重量、纵横径不断增加。前期折干率高,6月中旬以后,折干率降低。酸橙辛弗林含量随着果实生长而降低,7月以后降到0.3%以下,辛弗林产量以6月中旬时最大;酸橙柚皮苷含量先增大后减小,在6月中下旬时达到最大,7月下旬之后显著下降,柚皮苷产量7月中旬时达到最大值。[结论]渝产酸橙采收枳实以6月中旬前为宜,采收枳壳应在7月中旬前后最好。     

Stiffness optimization of vehicle engine magneto-rheological fluids mounts

As important tool for engine semi-automatic isolation system, the magneto-rheological fluids (MRC) can’t achieve tunable stiffness but damping. Therefore, the MRC’s initial stiffness affects the performance of isolation system. To obtain the better isolation effect of MRC in wide frequency, it is necessary to optimize the initial stiffness. As motor unbalanced force and isolation damping are not considered in traditional mount optimization, the feature of semi-automatic control can not be reflected. For a four-cylinder four-cycle in-line diesel engine, a new method which is suitable for stiffness optimization on vehicle engine isolation is presented by using Genetic Algorithm. The optimal isolation system has small absolute force transmissibility in abroad frequency range and small vibration intensity with impact load by using the new method.     

Multi-scale optical flow estimation of the video based on gradient optimization

A new algorithm based on gradient optimization is proposed for optical flow estimation of video images with different motion ranges. The original video images are transformed by using Loggabor filtering on phases and measures,and then the spatio-temporal gradient is calculated by using the obtained feature images. The optical flow is calculated with the spatio-temporal gradient. The video images are layered and processed with coarse-to-fine image pyramid method. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for the video optical flow motion estimation of the significant range. It can not only obtain the video images following the human visual resolution characteristics, but also optimize the spatio-temporal gradient, while the optical flow calculation is more accurate. Besides, the time complexity of this algorithm is equivalent to that of the traditional optical flow method, and the accuracy of the algorithm is superior to the methods suggested by Horn-Schunck, Duan,et al.     

Novel strategy for subcarrier and power allocation in OFDM based cognitive radio networks

In order to limit the interference caused by cognitive user within the range that primary users can tolerate. The mathematical optimization problem is formulated maximizing cognitive user’s capacity under the interference constraint at the primary receiver．When the signal to noise ratio of primary user changes according to the communication environment, the cognitive user can adaptively adjust its transmission power according to the interference control factor η. The optimal so1ution to the problem is obtained by utilizing the Lagrange method．A subcarrier and power allocation scheme are proposedamong multiple cognitive users, which is the performance tradeoff between fairness and system capacity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently guarantee the fairness of cognitive users and the capacity performance is close to the optimum.     

An improved session initiation protocol signaling compression algorithm based on lempel ziv storer szymanski and Huffman

Session initiation protocol(SIP) has been chosen as the call/session control protocol in IP multimedia subsystem(IMS). However, large SIP messages create a bottleneck for SIP application in IP multimedia subsystem(IMS) in wireless applications. Based on the SigComp, and by comparing various compression algorithms, lempel ziv storer szymanski(LZSS) is selected as the basic algorithm to compress SIP in accordance with the characteristics of messages in SIP protocol. To further improve the compression ratio, a new algorithm is proposed based on LZSS and Huffman. The performance of the compression algorithm is analyzed via simulation.