浅论乡村生态文明建设中的冲突与转化——基于北京卫视《向前一步》栏目典型案例的分析

经济建设与生态文明、公共利益与个人利益之间的平衡是首都生态涵养区建设中无法回避的焦点问题.以北京卫视《向前一步》栏目中北京市密云区、平谷区和门头沟区三个典型案例为研究对象,通过分析其协调解决矛盾的过程,挖掘争议背后的实质问题,总结利益冲突内在的普遍规律和解决方法.解决生态文明建设中的冲突,一方面需要引导、支持、帮扶有关群众,以新的生计替代方式参与生态农业建设;另一方面需要做好对广大群众的宣传、教育与疏导,统筹把握好公共利益和个人利益之间的平衡点,促进生态文明建设和乡村振兴的融合发展.     

漠大原油管道SCADA通讯中断原因及应对措施

漠大原油管道SCADA控制系统通讯中断频繁,严重威胁管道的安全运行。基于漠大原油管道通讯中断数据,统计分析了通讯中断时长、通讯中断类型的比例分布特性,结果表明,时长2～12 h的通讯中断频次最高,占总中断次数的44.3%。探讨了漠大原油管道通讯中断原因,其中天气因素与设备故障是导致通讯中断的主要因素,共导致了74.4%的通讯中断时长。为了降低通讯中断频次,结合漠大原油管道的运营现状,提出了4项管理措施：加强天气监控及现场作业管理,做好应急预案;完善管道保护程序;积极开展维护修复工作;加快推进加格达奇以南光缆割接与测试工作。     

Reconstructing mole tunnels using frequency-domain ground penetrating radar

The European mole (Talpa europaea L.) inhabits an underground tunnel system whereby the density, extent and condition of the subsurface tunnels are indicative of its activity. Currently, no survey method was able to reveal the spatial extent and condition of the mole's tunnel network. Frequency-domain ground penetrating radar (GPR) was evaluated on its potential to image these shallow tunnel systems. This technique allows for a non-invasive, high-resolution mapping of the subsurface. We examined the effectiveness of this GPR system for delineating the mole's tunnel network. The integration of different depth slices allowed a detailed overview of the tunnel system. Automatic feature recognition on these GPR images was proven valuable for the detection and representation of the mole tunnels. The GPR survey proved successful in mapping the mole's tunnel network, which facilitates the interpretation and characterization of the mole's living environment. This can be linked to the occurrence of earthworms, as the principle food source of the moles, which regulate important ecosystem processes within the soil. This offers new perspectives for the understanding of the mole's habitat.     

基于Bloom Filter的去重方法研究

在个性化新闻推荐系统中，文章去重是一个重要的模块，避免了同一篇文章被重复推荐的现象。在海量用户场景下，采用传统的基于队列的去重方法将会消耗大量的内存。Bloom Filter是一种空间效率很高的随机数据结构，适用于允许有一定误判率的场景。本文基于Bloom Filter，设计双Bloom Filter位数组结构和Bloom Filter位数组链结构。实验证明，基于Bloom Filter位数组链的去重方法，不仅大大降低了程序对服务器内存要求，而且具有较好的灵活性和扩展性。     

松滋市“一站式”农村沼气服务模式建设现状及建议

文章深入的考察了湖北省松滋市“一站式”沼气后续服务模式的具体实现形式和建设现状；通过总结、对比等方式,对该模式做了详细分析和研究,发现“一站式”服务模式在优化人员配置、稳定服务人员等方面取得了良好效果,但仍存在诸如服务意识不到位、服务网点收入保障不足等问题.最后在分析“一站式”模式的优势和不足的基础上,提出了针对性的建议.     

不同平茬周期柠条的燃烧特性及热值

柠条是西北地区水土保持,防风固沙造林中的重要灌木树种,可作为生物质燃料使用,但随林龄增加出现生长衰退,效益下降等问题。利用平茬技术可以提高柠条利用率,该文以宁夏盐池平茬1~5 a生柠条为研究对象,对其生长指标、工业分析、硫含量、热值和热重进行了分析。结果表明:1)经平茬后的柠条生长指标每年递增,但3 a以后增幅不大,选定平茬期为3 a的柠条株高、地径和分支数分别比6 a老龄林提高了16.67%、11.54%和160.00%,表明平茬技术有利于柠条生长。2)通过热值分析对1~5 a生柠条进行了比较,发现3~5 a生柠条发热量较好,但三者相差不多;考察了不同月份收割柠条的影响因素,研究表明10-12月柠条各项指标处于最优值。3)比较了柠条和煤的硫含量,分析表明柠条硫含量是烟煤的1/12倍,柠条作为燃料会大大减少硫化物的排放。4)工业分析和热重分析表明,柠条和煤产生的灰分作相比,柠条产生的灰分是烟煤的1/9倍,可减少颗粒物的排放,有利于环境保护。5)采用一级反应动力学模型和积分法对生物质燃烧动力学参数的研究表明,柠条具有较低的活化能,有利于燃烧。综上所述,采用平茬期为3 a且每年10-12月生的柠条最适宜作为热电厂燃料。柠条作为发电燃料具有含硫量低,灰分少,对环境保护和减少可吸入颗粒物具有重要的意义。     

基于ADAMS的随动复合平衡抽油机动力仿真

介绍了随动复合平衡抽油机的结构和基本参数,对曲柄净扭矩的计算公式进行了推导,说明了利用ADAMS进行抽油机动力仿真的基本步骤,给出了模型的建立和加载的方法,并对仿真结果进行了分析。分析结果表明,与异相型曲柄平衡抽油机相比,随动复合平衡抽油机的动力性能得以改善,具有较好的节能效果。     

Herbicide savings and economic benefits of several strategies to control Sorghum halepense in maize crops

This study was conducted to assess the herbicide savings and the cost efficiency of site-specific herbicide application strategies in comparison with other strategies based on uniform application of herbicides throughout the whole field. The specific situation considered was Sorghum halepense infested maize fields in Spain. The results from a theoretical economic model were contrasted with the information derived from a S. halepense survey conducted in 37 commercial maize fields distributed over three Spanish maize production areas. Seven application strategies were simulated: 1) no herbicide; 2) overall full-rate; 3) overall half-rate; 4) and 5) site-specific spraying infested cells with full- and half-rate, respectively; 6) and 7) site-specific spraying infested cells plus adjacent buffer areas with full- and half-rate, respectively. The simulation results showed that site-specific weed management was the most profitable strategy when S. halepense infested area ranged between 6.5 and 18.7%. This scenario was present in 22% of the surveyed fields. In fields with less than 6.5% infestation (a situation present in 51% of the surveyed fields), yield losses were slight and the most profitable strategy was using no herbicide. When the infested area ranged between 18.7 and 40.8% (19% of the surveyed fields), no significant differences were observed between the net benefits of the various strategies. Full rate herbicide applications throughout the entire field resulted in the highest net returns in fields with more than 40.8% weed infestation (8% of the surveyed fields). In these cases, the added costs of weed detection, mapping and site-specific herbicide application were not justified by the herbicide savings obtained. Likewise, herbicide savings obtained with the various strategies depended on the proportion of the field infested. Considering the high difference between site-specific treatments and uniform application of herbicides when the infested area ranged between 18.7 and 40.8%, and that no significant differences in net returns were observed in this range, site-specific treatments should be preferred. Adding a buffer area to the site-specific treatments does not seem a suitable strategy due to the considerable increases in costs and reductions in herbicide savings.     

不同流变仪及测试系统下含蜡原油触变性实验

使用不同流变仪及不同测试系统,采用剪切速率阶跃上升的加载方式,对大庆-冀东混合原油进行触变性实验,并对实验结果进行对比分析.Anton Paar流交仪的重复性好于HAAKE VT550旋转流变仪,使用Anton Paar流变仪测得的原油流变性数据较稳定,波动较小,但两种流变仪测得的胶凝原油的屈服值和平衡值的实验误差均小于23％；内外简直径比相近的不同测试系统测得的胶凝原油的屈服值和平衡值的实验误差均小于25％,但内外筒间隙越小的测试系统,蜡晶结构裂降越快,且得到的实验数据越不稳定.     

种蛋表面积和体积的新型公式及测算

采用修正椭球的方法,逼真地描绘出了种蛋的几何外形,并推导出了表面积和体积的解析公式。简单测量种蛋的几何尺寸,便能求得表面积和体积的数值。通过模拟图形与照片的比对,发现在几何特征上拟合效果良好。测算得到的体积,与溢水法测得的体积相比,误差小于千分之五。