饲粮中霉菌毒素快速检测技术研究现状及发展方向

霉菌毒素的污染广泛存在,对饲料和粮食造成严重危害,给食品和农业造成巨大的经济损失,因此对霉菌毒素的监管也越来越得到重视。传统霉菌毒素检测方法虽然有着良好的重现性和准确度,但存在试验周期较长,实验过程相对复杂等缺点。霉菌毒素快速检测技术因检测较为快速、灵敏,且检测成本相对较低,实验过程简捷等特点,越来越被市场关注。文章就应用较为广泛的胶体金酶联免疫层析快速检测技术进行比较评价。     

Transplantation of human amnion epithelial cells improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology rat model

AIM: To observe the treatment effect and its immune regulation of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology rat model. METHODS: The hAECs were isolated from amnion with trypsin digestion, and the phenotype of hAECs was analyzed by flow cytometry. SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham control group, model group, medium group and hAECs group. AD-like pathology rat model was induced by bilateral intraventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). hAECs (5×10⁵) were injected into the hippocampus of the AD-like pathology rats. At 2 weeks after transplantation, the animals were tested by Morris water maze to observe the function of learning and memory. The pathological change of the brain was observed by HE staining. The expression of amyloid β-protein 42(Aβ42) and Tau protein and the level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the injury brain were determined by immunohistochemistry. The survival and differentiation of hAECs in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescent technique. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The contents of serum cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with model group and medium group, hAECs group showed shortened escape latency (P<0.01), increased frequency of going through the platform (P<0.05), reduced loss of hippocampal neurons, decreased expression of Tau protein and Aβ42 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), increased ACh level in the hippocampus (P<0.05), decreased percentages of Th1 and Th17 subsets, increased percentages of Th2 and Treg cells (P<0.05), decreased concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum, and increased concentration of IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hAECs improve the cognitive learning and memory function and alleviate pathologic damage of hippocampus through immune regulation in AD-like pathology rats.     

Ultrastructural impairment of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. The expression of insulin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in islet microvessels was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The ultrastructural changes of islet β cells and islet microvessels were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of islet β cells, ratio of β cells/α cells, average number of secretory granules in β cells and insulin expression area per islet in diabetic group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Besides, diabetic group had fewer microvessels with lower expression of CD31 (P<0.01). Mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in diabetic group were swelling. The basement membrane of islet microvessels became thicker in diabetic group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Islet microvascular endothelial cells were impaired in type 1 diabetic mice.     

旅游目的地空间结构的市场影响研究——敦煌案例

旅游目的地空间结构影响不同尺度游客的空间行为,对旅游细分市场营销和开拓具有重要意义。在回顾旅游地空间结构研究进展和分析旅游系统空间结构二维性的基础上,以旅行成本为衔接点,从宏观和微观两个维度提取了目的地空间结构中对市场具有影响的因子,构造了因子对市场影响的评价体系。选取敦煌市为研究样本的实证分析表明,在敦煌市旅游系统空间结构影响下,该旅游目的地市场结构并没有出现明显的随距离衰减特征,而是形成了在1000km、2300km和3400km处的三个市场份额波峰,说明在敦煌旅游市场结构形成过程中,对市场结构产生根本影响的因子并不是距离,而是游客进入目的地的成本消耗。认为传统的引力模型在预测市场流量时具有一定的特殊性,目的地市场分析应根据空间结构特征进行。文章最后根据敦煌的市场特征提出了远西部旅游目的地重点发展沿海经济发达地区的市场营销策略。     

输电线路下行林区优势树种的冠层光谱特征分析

通过对安徽省池州市青阳县输电线下行通道的优势树种进行光谱测量与分析,以建立优势树种光谱库,为输电线通道下行林区的树种精细分类提供理论和技术支持。利用便携式光谱仪对研究区6个优势树种的冠层光谱数据进行采集,并生成平均冠层反射光谱曲线,经过导数变换、植被特征参数(蓝边、黄边和红边)分析及冠层光谱的可分性研究,进而分析出不同树种的不同波段光谱特征差异。结果表明,在原始光谱可见光波段毛竹冠层反射率高于其他树种;而在近红外波段,栎树的冠层反射率高于其他树种。6个树种的蓝边位置、黄边位置及红边位置存在差异较小,毛竹的蓝边斜率最大;杉木的黄边斜率最大;栎树的红边斜率和红边面积均为最大。通过可分性研究可知,原始光谱在550 nm、900 nm及一阶导数光谱在718 nm处,有助于精细区分不同树种类型。     

国际人体肝移植研究的文献计量分析

采用文献计量学方法,对PubMed收录的人体肝移植论文的时间、国家、机构、期刊进行分析,了解国际人体肝移植研究的发展轨迹、开展人体肝移植的主要国家、机构。综合运用共词分析、聚类分析和可视化分析方法及工具,对肝移植预后与生存研究的论文进行主题分析,并对结果进行可视化展示,更加准确、直观地揭示影响人体肝移植预后生存的主要因素及其研究热点。     

Soil microbial community responses to dairy manure or ammonium nitrate applications

Soil management practices that result in increased soil C also impact soil microbial biomass and community structure. In this study, the effects of dairy manure applications and inorganic N fertilizer on microbial biomass and microbial community composition were determined. Treatments examined were a control with no nutrient additions (CT), ammonium nitrate at 218 kg N ha⁻¹ (AN), and manure N rates of 252 kg manure-N ha⁻¹ (LM) and 504 kg manure-N ha⁻¹ (HM). All plots were no-till cropped to silage corn (Zea mays, L. Merr) followed by a Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum, L.)/annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam.) winter cover crop. Treatments were applied yearly, with two-thirds of the N applied in late April or early May, and the remainder applied in September. Soil samples (0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm) were taken in March 1996, prior to the spring nutrient application. Polar lipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used to assess changes in microbial biomass and community structure. Significantly greater soil C, N and microbial biomass in the 0–5 cm depth were observed under both manure treatments than in the CT and AN treatments. There was also a definable shift in the microbial community composition of the surface soils (0–5cm). Typical Gram-negative bacteria PLFA biomarkers were 15 and 27% higher in the LM and HM treatments than in the control. The AN treatment resulted in a 15% decrease in these PLFA compared with the control. Factor analysis of the polar lipid fatty acid profiles from all treatments revealed that the two manure amendments were correlated and could be described by a single factor comprised of typical Gram-negative bacterial biomarkers. The AN treatments from all three depths were also correlated and were described by a second factor comprised of typical Gram-positive bacterial biomarkers. These results demonstrate that soil management practices, such as manuring, that result in accumulations of organic carbon will result in increased microbial biomass and changes in community structure.     

Integrins and cardiovascular diseases

The adhesion of cells to each other and to the proteins of the extracellular matrix provides a stable environment for cell growth, differentiation and migration. This is a prerequisite for the normal function of the cardiovascular system. Thus the abnormal adhesion function may play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. To date, there are six main groups of adhesion molecule, and integrins family are the largest and most broadly distributed of the families of cellular adhesion receptors. They have an important role in several aspects of cardiovascular diseases and that its regulated inhibition leads to a reduction in incidence andmortality due to these disorders. This review focuses upon the structure, mechanism and their roles in cardiovascular diseases which maybe facilitate the development of novel therapies.     

Changes of myocardial glycogen content and right ventricular function in hypoxia swimming rats

AIM: To investigate the changes of myocardium glycogen content and the relation ship between changes of the myocardial glycogen content and the myocardial function. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were placed in (hypoxia rats) and made to swim in (hypoxia swimming rats) a hypobaxic chamber simulating an altitude of 5 000 m above sea level. The content of myocardium glycogens was determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: The myocardium
glycogen content of rats significantly reduced along with the prolongation of hypoxic exposure and approached to control level in hypoxia swimming rats. The myocardial function of right ventricule was improved significantly compared with control group.CONCLUSION: Moderate exercise (swimming) is beneficial to hypoxic adaptation of rats under the condition of chronic hypoxia.     

Experimental Researches on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

The chromosomal number variations & structural aberrations of the MDCK cell line, primary feline or canine kidney cell(FKC or CKC) and Hela cell line were investigated and their karyotypes of conventional chromosome bands were analyzed. The carcinogenesis or tumorigenicity testing of these cell lines in about 232 nude mice and for colony formation in soft agarose and for haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out. Under the prerequisite that the incidence of cancer or tumor in negative-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with primary feline or canine kidney cell cultures purified in vitro at passage 3 was 0 (0/22) and 0 (0/10), respectively. The incidence of the progressively-growing malignant tumor(MT) in positive-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with Hela cell cultures of KB, X, or NM20/X strain was 10/10, 25/25 and 5/51, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of tumor in nude mice with tetrapioid YA strain of MDCK cell during 20 - 45 passages, with hypodiploid JB strain of MDCK cell on passage 25, with di-and hypoploid JC strain of MDCK cell during 2 - 15passages or with hypoploid M strain of MDCK cell during 9 - 27 passages was 28/58, 1/5, 4/18 and 0/31,respectively. The chromosomal analysis results showed that the ratio of difference in the rate of modal chromosome number between high (mcs + n) and lowest (mcs)passages was not more than 5 % - 15 % and the structure aberrations was generally 0 - 3%. These results proved that the genetic characteristics of chromosomal number of cell lines determines their tumorigenicity, but it is species-specific. MDCK line has tumorigenicity no matter what its chromosome karyotype is, at least it has very low tumorigenicity even when its modal chromosome number is hypoploid. The repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of tumorigenicity-positive cell lines(X strain of Hela, M strain of BHK-21, JA strain of Vero, YA strain of MDCK) have much lower tumorigenicity or are even non-carcinogenesis, and the repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of very low tumorigenicity cell lines (M or JC strain of MDCK) are certainly non-carcinogenic and never have increased tumorigenicity.It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB or JC strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA strain can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of comattenuated viral vaccines. In summary, all strains of MDCK cell line have tunorigenicity, at least have low tumorigencity, never have non-cancinogenic MDCK, but very low tumorigenicity MDCK cell strains can certainly be used for the approval production of canine viral vaccines if the DNA content in viral cell cultures was remarkably decreased through conventional means in manufacturing process. Therefore, the master cell stock and working cell bank of MDCK line used for vaccine manufacture were established in China, which are free of infectious agents, and described with respect to cytogenetic characteristics and tumorigenicity. Tests showed that there were correlations among cell line chromosome number variations, anchorage independence in soft agarose, haemagglutination under plant lectins, and tumor-forming ability in nude mice, thus all the in vitro tests are economic, simple and reliable means for monitoring the tumor-forming ability of MDCK line in nude mice.