夏玉米产量时空变化及气候年型分析

定量分析夏玉米同一品种产量及产量构成要素时空变化,探讨造成产量时空差异的气候年型组合变化特征。基于2004～2013年夏玉米种植区郑单958多点田间试验数据分析表明,夏玉米区域平均产量为9 055 kg/hm~2,年际差为1 635 kg/hm~2,变幅为18.1%;地点差4 258 kg/hm~2,变幅为47.1%。夏玉米区域平均千粒重为313 g,年际变幅为13.1%;地点变幅为27.8%。夏玉米区域平均穗粒数为479,年际变幅为18.0%,地点变幅为38.7%。千粒重的增加导致夏玉米产量显著增加。穗粒数显著降低和时空差异大是造成产量波动和时空差异变幅大的主要原因。夏玉米产量和产量构成要素,低产点受各气候要素变化的影响显著;平产点受温度和日最高温度大于33℃的天数影响显著;高产点受降水影响显著。     

稻田免耕年限与复耕次数对土壤容重和水稻生长的影响

试验以免耕1~10年稻田和免耕3~6年后复耕1次、复耕2次、复耕3次稻田为对象,探索不同免耕年限与复耕次数对稻田土壤容重和水稻生长的影响,以期为因地制宜推广免耕技术提供科学依据。结果表明：无论土壤表层还是下层,免耕土壤容重总是大于翻耕土壤,且随着免耕时间的延长,其土壤容重逐渐加重,免耕3年及以后处理土壤容重显著大于翻耕处理(P<0.05),随着复耕次数的增加,土壤容重逐渐降低。连续免耕1~5年的田块,免耕栽培处理水稻最高苗和有效穗以及产量均表现为比翻耕栽培处理高,免耕6年处理表现相对平缓稳定,免耕7年及以后分蘖能力和产量明显下降。免耕3~5年后进行复耕处理水稻分蘖能力和产量总是低于对应的免耕4~6年处理,且随着复耕次数的增加差距逐渐扩大,免耕7年处理水稻分蘖能力和产量与免耕6年后进行复耕1次处理基本持平。结论为稻田免耕应以6年内为宜,当稻田连续免耕超过最适年限后,需要进行复耕作业,复耕1次即可。     

茎用芥菜新品种1年2代繁育研究初报

为了探索福建省茎用芥菜1年2代繁育技术，选择6个茎用芥菜品种，分别进行冬春季正常繁育和夏秋季高山加代繁育的2代繁育试验，并对比各品种2代繁育的生育期、株高、株幅和种子产量。结果表明：所有参试茎用芥菜品种只要通过打破种子休眠、衔接好2代繁育的播种期都能完成1周年2代繁育，夏秋季高山加代繁育的全生育期比冬春季正常繁育平均缩短约50 d；冬春季繁育比夏秋季高山加代繁育株高增加31.2%～132.9%，株幅增加1.5%～21.8%，所有参试品种冬春季繁育的种子产量都极显著高于相应夏秋季高山加代繁育，种子产量增加17.8%～153.6%。     

中华绒螯蟹一龄性早熟和二龄成熟家系子一代成蟹阶段生长发育育性能的比较研究

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)存在一龄性早熟和二龄正常成熟两种现象,为了解其后代养殖性能是否存在差异,本研究利用构建的一龄早熟家系和二龄正常成熟家系,评估了其子一代在成蟹养殖阶段的生长、存活率、产量、生殖蜕壳和性腺发育,结果显示:(1)正常家系的子一代在8月和10月的平均体重(70.45±18.62)g,(95.87±34.44)g高于早熟家系的平均体重(58.93±16.33)g,(95.56±25.26)g,甲壳长和甲壳宽在7、8和10月份,正常家系显著高于早熟家系,4-10月二龄正常成熟家系的特定增重率(SGR,(1.48±0.45)%/d)低于一龄早熟((1.65±0.12))%/d;(2)一龄性早熟家系完成生殖蜕壳的时间早于二龄正常家系,一龄性早熟家系在8月份的生殖蜕壳率为85%,高于正常家系(75%),但两者的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著差异;(3)就最终养殖效果而言,尽管正常成熟家系子代的存活率和平均产量比早熟家系分别高出14%和17%,但两种家系间无显著差异。结果表明,河蟹二龄成熟家系子代在成蟹阶段的生长性能优于一龄早熟家系子代。     

The post-ovulatory rise in progesterone is lower and the persistence of oestrous behaviour longer during the first compared with the second cycle of the breeding season in mares

Mares are seasonally polyoestrous breeders. Therefore, the first ovulation of the season, following winter anoestrus, is the only cycle in which mares ovulate without the presence of an old CL from the previous cycle. The objective of this study was to compare the length of oestrous behaviour, and plasma progesterone concentrations during the early post-ovulatory period between mares after the first and second ovulation of the breeding season. Overall, 38 mares and 167 oestrous periods were used in the study. From those, 11 mares were used during the first and subsequent oestrous period to measure and compare the post-ovulatory rise in progesterone concentration, whereas all the mares were used to compare the length of the post-ovulatory oestrous behaviour between the first and subsequent cycles of the breeding season. The persistence of the post-ovulatory oestrus was longer (p < .001) following the first ovulation of the year (median of 52 h) compared with the subsequent ovulations (median of 36 h for second and later ovulations groups; n = 38 mares). The progesterone concentration at any of the four 8 h-intervals analysed (28, 36, 76 and 84 h post-ovulation) was lower (p < .01) following the first versus the second ovulation of the year. By 36 h post-ovulation the progesterone concentration of mares at the second ovulation of the year had passed the threshold of 2 ng/ml (2.1 ± 0.33 ng/ml), whereas in the first cycle it was 1.2 ± 0.13 ng/ml. In conclusion, mares had lower progesterone concentrations in their peripheral circulation and longer persistence of oestrous behaviour following the first ovulation of the year compared with the second and subsequent ovulatory periods of the breeding season.     

Responses in gross primary production of Stipa krylovii and Allium polyrhizum to a temporal rainfall in a temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia,China

In the arid and semi-arid areas of China, rainfall and drought affect the growth and photosynthetic activities of plants. Gross primary productivity (GPP) is one of the most important indices that measure the photosynthetic ability of plants. This paper focused on the GPP of two representative grassland species (Stipa krylovii Roshev. and Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel) to demonstrate the effect of a temporal rainfall on the two species. Our research was conducted in a temperate grassland in New Barag Right Banner, Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, in a dry year 2015. We measured net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and ecosystem respiration flux (ER) using a transparent chamber system and monitored the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air and soil temperature and humidity simultaneously. Based on the measured values of NEP and ER, we calculated the GPP of the two species before and after the rainfall. The saturated GPP per aboveground biomass (GPP_AGB) of A. polyrhizum remarkably increased from 0.033 (±0.018) to 0.185 (±0.055) μmol CO₂/(gdw?s) by 5.6-fold and that of S. krylovii decreased from 0.068 (±0.021) to 0.034 (±0.011) μmol CO₂/(gdw?s) by 0.5-fold on the 1^st and 2^nd d after a 9.1 mm rainfall event compared to the values before the rainfall at low temperatures below 35°C. However, on the 1^st and 2^nd d after the rainfall, both of the saturated GPP_AGB values of S. krylovii and A. polyrhizum were significantly lower at high temperatures above 35°C (0.018 (±0.007) and 0.110 (±0.061) μmol CO₂/(gdw?s), respectively) than at low temperatures below 35°C (0.034 (±0.011) and 0.185 (±0.055) μmol CO₂/(gdw?s), respectively). The results showed that the GPP responses to the temporal rainfall differed between S. krylovii and A. polyrhizum and strongly negative influenced by temperature. The temporal rainfall seems to be more effective on the GPP of A. polyrhizum than S. krylovii. These differences might be related to the different physiological and structural features, the coexistence of the species and their species-specific survival strategies.     

气候变化对呼伦贝尔草地地上生物量的影响

基于温、压、湿、风等主要气象资料,结合生长季逐月的地上生物量实测数据,分析气候变化及气候年型对牧草产量形成的影响,结果表明：（1）两站降水量呈波动变化,无明显的变化趋势;（2）额尔古纳和鄂温克的年均气温呈显著升高的趋势,气温倾向率分别为0.348℃/10 a、0.444℃/10 a,增温速率均明显高于同期中国东北地区,其中,鄂温克的增温速率高于中国增温最迅速的青藏地区;（3）额尔古纳和鄂温克潜在蒸散量呈波动升高的趋势;（4）两站湿润度呈显著的波动下降趋势,气候呈较明显的变干燥趋势;（5）湿润状况影响两站地上生物量形成,气候偏旱年草原地上生物量的形成会受到显著的抑制,两站草地地上生物量均与当月及上个月的湿润度指数呈线性回归关系。     

华北驼绒藜雨季移栽成活率研究

本文是不同季节移栽华北驼绒藜(Ceratoides arborescens)系列研究之一。干旱区春季生态建植有补水之苦,雨季移栽表明,不需坐水或补水,成活率可高达60%,浸根可提高成活率至90%;说明雨季移栽是可行的。移栽植株数日内叶片含水量和叶绿素含量急剧下降、脯氨酸含量骤然升高,含量恢复过程则较缓慢,说明移栽使植株突然损伤,但终能恢复至正常生理状态。     

丘陵红黄壤区施用399对“一种两收”再生稻根系和产量的影响

[目的]研究399对"一种两收"再生稻的影响。[方法]以适宜丘陵红黄壤种植的丰两优香1号、准两优527、宜优673再生稻品种为材料,分别设置喷施399和不喷施399(CK)2种处理,研究各处理对再生稻根系和产量的影响。[结果]结果表明:施用399使水稻在生育期上延缓成熟,且施后再生稻的总根系数量、白根数量、根鲜重、根干重、根体积大幅度增加,同时在两季总产量上准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673品种分别比对照增产6.39%、4.86%、5.94%。[结论]施用399有利于准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673再生稻品种再生根的发生。     

水稻灌溉效益分摊系数试验研究

通过试验方法，选择不同的降雨年型，系统地分析了淠史杭灌区不同降雨年型的灌溉增产率，灌溉效益扮摊系数；找出了水稻灌溉效益分摊系数与水稻生育期降雨量，灌水量之间的经验公式，对本地区及气候条件相似地区具有一定的参考价值。