气候变化对呼伦贝尔草地地上生物量的影响

基于温、压、湿、风等主要气象资料,结合生长季逐月的地上生物量实测数据,分析气候变化及气候年型对牧草产量形成的影响,结果表明：（1）两站降水量呈波动变化,无明显的变化趋势;（2）额尔古纳和鄂温克的年均气温呈显著升高的趋势,气温倾向率分别为0.348℃/10 a、0.444℃/10 a,增温速率均明显高于同期中国东北地区,其中,鄂温克的增温速率高于中国增温最迅速的青藏地区;（3）额尔古纳和鄂温克潜在蒸散量呈波动升高的趋势;（4）两站湿润度呈显著的波动下降趋势,气候呈较明显的变干燥趋势;（5）湿润状况影响两站地上生物量形成,气候偏旱年草原地上生物量的形成会受到显著的抑制,两站草地地上生物量均与当月及上个月的湿润度指数呈线性回归关系。

Effects of Climate Change on Aboveground Biomass in Hulunbeir Grassland

Based on the main meteorological data such as temperature, pressure, humidity, wind and the measured data of aboveground biomass in the growing season, the effects of climate change and types of climatic year on the formation of forage yield were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the precipitation of Erguna and Ewenck meteorological station fluctuated without obvious trend; (2) the mean annual temperature of the two meteorological stations increased significantly, with the trend of 0.348℃/10 a and 0.444℃/10 a, respectively, the rate of temperature increase was obviously higher than that in northeast China during the same period, and the rate of temperature increase in Ewenck was higher than that in Qinghai-Tibet area where the temperature increase was the fastest; (3) the potential evapotranspiration of Erguna and Ewenck fluctuated and increased; (4) the wet index degree of the two meteorological stations showed a significant fluctuation and decreasing trend, and the climate showed a more obvious drying trend; (5) the moisture condition affected the formation of grassland biomass in the two meteorological stations, and the formation of aboveground biomass was significantly inhibited in drought year. There was a linear regression relationship between the aboveground biomass and the moisture index of the month and the previous month.