Looking back on development and disaster‐related displacement and resettlement,anticipating climate‐related displacement in the Asia Pacific region

The realisation that climate change might necessitate resettlement of people displaced initially raised interest in the experience of development‐forced displacement and resettlement (DFDR). Looking back, in 1980 the first international policy on involuntary resettlement was approved to address perceived weaknesses in state property and expropriation law to safeguard people in the way of development projects. Since then international policy and praxis have brought global attention to developmentally displaced people but have not guaranteed them an effective safeguard. Recently, renewed attention has focussed on state legal and governance frameworks substantively and procedurally. Identifying four key policy objectives that resonate with climate change displacement I analyse their treatment in a data base of DFDR laws and regulations from 40 Asia Pacific states. This analysis finds overall little legal congruence. Innovative new formulations in some Asian state laws address recent public criticisms and research findings, but mostly are yet to demonstrate positive outcomes for displaced people. Pacific states increasingly abandon expropriation law to negotiate lease terms for public infrastructure projects with customary landowners that do not extinguish customary title. Any laws governing climate change relocations must protect rights, livelihoods, well‐being, inclusive decision‐making and community initiatives with procedures whilst not relinquishing climate‐change‐reducing action.     

柠条锦鸡儿组培苗继代培养中矿质元素的吸收规律

比较柠条锦鸡儿在MS、WPM、B5三种基本培养基中对P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等主要矿质元素的吸收规律,用向量分析方法找出三种基本培养基中的限制因子.结果表明:矿质养分整体供应水平是影响柠条锦鸡儿组培苗吸收矿质元素的关键因子;除此之外,MS培养基的Ca、P水平偏低,WPM和B5培养基的主要限制因子分别为K、Mn和Ca、P、K.     

杉木人工林生物量变化规律的研究

基于大岗山林区相似立地条件前后3次生物量调查研究资料,结合杉木人工林固定样地长期观测材料对杉木人工林生物量的变化规律作了较为详尽的研究,得到了如下主要研究结果：(1)对于同一林分,除叶生物量和某些枝生物量存在一个减小的时期外(5a至8a时),单株和林分各组分生物量均随林龄的增加而增大。在12a前的林分速生期间,叶、枝、干所占比重微弱增加,致使地上部分比重增加,而根比重减小;在干材期(12～16a),单株各组分所占比例趋于稳定。(2)立地指数对单株和林分各组分的生物量、总生物量以及生物量分配比率均存在显著影响,且这种影响随着林龄的变化而变化,并受初植密度的制约。(3)随着初植密度的增大,单株各组分生物量明显减小,干生物量分配比率在任一林龄时刻均呈下降趋势;由密度所形成的不同林分生物量间的差距随林龄呈减弱的趋势。     

余甘子果实维生素C动态积累规律研究

为研究不同品种余甘子果实维生素C含量差异和余甘子果实维生素C积累规律，本研究以6个品种余甘子果实为试材，比较不同时期余甘子果实维生素C含量的差异，描绘维生素C积累动态曲线。结果表明，余甘子果实维生素C含量丰富，适宜作为食品加工和保健品的开发利用；其中秋白品种维生素C含量最高，适宜作为加工和遗传育种的原材料；余甘子果实作为加工原材料适宜采收期为10月20日左右；维生素C 的积累分为快速积累阶段，缓慢积累阶段，下降阶段，稳定阶段4个阶段。     

土地违法行为的经济学分析

行为人当其预期可以获得一定的经济利益时，便实施违法行为；相反，当其觉得无利可图时，便放弃这种行为。为此，试从经济分析的角度探讨土地违法行为的“成本”、“效益”关系，希望从成本、效益等因素人手，寻求遏制土地违法行为的有效途径以及健全土地法制的对策。     

嵌套子集:引入土壤多样性研究的讨论

嵌套子集指在任何特定集合中出现的物种趋向于在更大的集合中也出现,即局部丰富的物种一般分布比较广泛,而局部稀少的物种则分布较窄。本文对嵌套性研究中的有关问题做一评述,并以西班牙的一个研究为范例讨论可以看出,通过数据(土壤类型和土壤集合)试验得出的规律性和生态学上的观点竟非常相似。研究采用了土壤数据集和在计量生态学应用的方法,包括嵌套计算程序(Nested Calcu lator Program)。结果表明:嵌套性在生物群落、土被或土链结构中的性质有相似之处,即地学系统中普遍存在着嵌套性。此方法用于土壤多样性的分析,在有计划的保护生物及土壤资源方面具有现实意义。     

Biological soil amelioration as the basis of sustainable agriculture and forestry

Before the discovery of plant nutrients, soil amelioration and fertilization was by force of circumstance biological, i.e. done with substances taken from nature. After the discovery of plant nutrients, the chemical concept of fertility displaced the biological one. The defects of chemical cultivation — inefficiency, deterioration in product quality, diminishing productivity of soils and negative effects on the environment — have created an urgent need for the study of fertility as a result of the activity of the biocycles of the ecosystem. With the aid of the advances of modern science, we can understand the defects and deficiencies of the chemical concept of fertility and return the biological concept of fertility to its proper place. This in turn is a good starting point for productive research and developmental work towards an ecologically sustainable agriculture and forestry.     

安义瓦灰鸡早期生长规律研究

通过对不同羽速基因及不同性别安义瓦灰鸡的早期生长规律进行研究,结果表明:不同性别安义瓦灰鸡的早期生长规律有较大差异(P<0.01),不同羽速基因安义瓦灰鸡的早期生长规律差异不显著;安义瓦灰鸡的生长速度与出壳重无关,出壳重只影响其育雏期的体重;性别对体重的影响较晚,且公鸡大于母鸡。     

辽宁省朝阳市防雷行政执法的现状及对策

防雷减灾工作是各级气象主管部门依法履行社会管理的职能之一,随着防雷工作的不断完善,防雷减灾工作得以进一步加强。但是在防雷工作不断加强的同时仍存在有法不依、规避管理等问题,造成这些问题的主要原因,一方面是由于目前的政策法规还不够完善、专业人员仍然短缺;另一方面是人们的防雷意识普遍淡薄,政府监管仍不到位,造成防雷的行政执法工作不能全面有效进行,这些问题是防雷减灾工作中存在的隐忧,也是当前亟须研究解决的难题。     

Non‐linear thermodynamic laws application to soil processes

An attempt has been made to analyze the possibility to use nonequilibrium thermodynamics for the soil dynamic open systems’ treatment. Entropy change of such a system is expressed by the entropy sum produced within the system and the entropy coming from or going into the outer sphere.

In the steady state, dynamic soil‐formation processes occur within an organized structure and are characterized by stable parameters close to equilibrium. Accordingly, when examining soil, one can proceed from the conventional thermodynamic equilibrium. However, the matter of Onzager‐Prigozhin general phenomenological theory applicability to soil processes is more complicated. To study soil stability it is necessary to go beyond the limits of linear thermodynamics.