Monitoring shrimp growth with control charts in aquaculture

This work proposes a method for the statistical monitoring of the weekly weight of shrimp in a fish farm. The design of control charts for shrimp growth presents several challenges, the main ones being the presence of trend and autocorrelation. Several control charts are proposed, the most efficient being a chart based on the residuals of a second order autoregression whose parameters vary with the week. A control chart with less computational complexity is also provided. It is simply based on growth rates and works well at detecting negative weight changes. Real data from a large shrimp farm has been used for both the design and the evaluation.     

Locating and identifying sound knots and dead knots on sugi by the rule-based color vision system

Knowledge of the occurrence of sound and dead knots on the surface of sugi is important for the classification and application of the material. This study examined a color vision system for detecting sound and dead knots on sugi. The system can be conceptually divided into three components: a CCD-camera scanning system, an image-segmenting module, and a rule-based defect identifying module. The results showed that the potential defect regions could be located by Otsus threshold algorithm in conjunction with t-test analysis. The accuracies of locating sound knots and dead knots were 92.6% and 97.1%, respectively. The rule-based approach was used to identify sound and dead knots and the identifying accuracies for sound knots and dead knots were 92.0% and 94.1%, respectively. The overall detection accuracy of the system was 87.6%. The results indicated that the rule-based color vision system is an efficient means of detecting sound knots and dead knots on sugi.     

Effects of heat treatment on brittleness of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Styrax tonkinensis</Emphasis> wood

A new approach is proposed for the evaluation of the brittleness of heat-treated Styrax tonkinensis wood. Heat treatment made wood more brittle when wood was heated at a higher temperature or for a longer time. The brittleness increased to four times that of the control when wood was heated at 200°C for 12 h. For treatment at 160°C, the increase in brittleness without any change in weight is thought to be possibly caused by the relocation of lignin molecules. At higher temperatures, loss of amorphous polysaccharides due to degradation is thought to become the main factor affecting brittleness. The crystallites that were newly formed after 2 h of treatment showed brittleness that was different from that of the inherent crystallites remaining after 12 h of heat treatment. This inherent crystalline cellulose possibly plays a role in brittleness. There is also the possibility of using color to predict the brittleness of heat-treated wood.     

热处理对马尾松蓝变材颜色的影响

热处理选取了5个温度(170、185、200、215、230℃)和4个时间(2、4、6、8 h)。在热处理前后分别测量蓝变点与未蓝变点的颜色,分析了蓝变材颜色的均匀性,对比了蓝变点与未蓝变点的颜色差异和变化规律。实验结果表明:热处理后,蓝变材颜色参数的标准差逐渐降低,蓝变点与未蓝变点明度差、黄蓝色品指数差减小,其色差可以从17.57降低到小于1。均值比较结果显示,经过200℃以下的热处理,蓝变点与未蓝变点间的颜色参数仍然具有显著性差异。为了使蓝变色斑达到肉眼不容易识别的程度,最低的热处理条件为200℃下处理6 h。     

色彩在景观设计中的应用

在现代景观的体验过程中,色彩是由视觉而感知的,它既依附于具象的实体,也依赖于光这一抽象的实体而存在。该研究通过分析色彩的视觉属性、心理知觉,对现代景观设计中的色彩进行解析,从色彩在场所文化中的应用、色彩技法在景观设计中的体现几方面来阐述色彩在景观设计中的应用类型和应用方法。     

基于纹理和位置特征的麦田杂草识别方法

以化学防除适期麦田杂草为研究对象，对利用条播作物的位置和纹理特征识别田间杂草的方法进行了研究。根据条播作物小麦作物行的间距相对固定等位置特征，利用植物像素直方图法确定作物行的中心线和行宽，并识别行间杂草。然后，以作物行中心为基准来选取纹理块，计算量化级数为8级的H颜色空间的共生矩阵，提取5个纹理特征参数，利用K均值聚类法判别分析各块的类别来识别行内杂草。研究结果表明，杂草的正确识别率约为93％，作物的错误识别率约为7％。     

离心泵整体叶轮流道数控加工误差的仿真

对数控加工所获得的叶轮流道的加工误差进行仿真。首先对刀位轨迹线进行归一化处理,以此计算出脊棱高度曲线,再采用线性插值的方法得到曲面上采样点的加工误差。由于自由曲面加工中的刀位点比较密集,本文利用彩色云图将加工误差可视化,完善了对数控加工结果的计算机几何仿真。该算法已在自行研制的叶轮CAM系统中得到验证,并且与实际加工结果一致。     

不同颜色防虫网覆盖对小气候效应及青菜生长的影响

以绿色20目、银灰色22目防虫网和日本早生华京青菜品种为试材,采用立柱框架式网室栽培,研究了不同颜色防虫网覆盖对网室内温度、湿度、光照等小气候及华京青菜生长、产量的影响。试验结果表明,与露地相比,防虫网内相对空气湿度增加,晴天和阴天湿度增幅明显比雨天高;光照强度减弱,网色越深减幅越大;夏季覆盖绿色防虫网温度略有降低,秋季覆盖银灰色防虫网温度略有增加。覆盖防虫网后,绿色网内青菜出苗延迟,略有减产;银灰色网内青菜出苗提早,有显著的增产作用,且两者收获期均推迟,商品综合性能均强。     

白东魁和东魁不同发育阶段果实的花青苷组分及含量差异分析

白东魁是从东魁杨梅群体中发现的粉色果实的杨梅变异株系,为研究东魁和白东魁果实色泽差异的形成机理,运用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术分析了两个品种3个不同发育阶段果实中的花青苷种类和相对含量。结果表明：两个品种的成熟果实中均可以检测出7种花青苷,分别为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,矢车菊素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷,矢车菊素-3-O-鼠李糖苷,飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,飞燕草素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷,天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和芍药色素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,但飞燕草素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷在东魁和白东魁的幼果期和转色期均未检测到。白东魁成熟果实中除矢车菊素-3-O-鼠李糖苷外,其它6种花青苷含量均显著低于东魁,尤其杨梅果实中最主要的矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,在白东魁果实中的含量只有东魁的13.93 %,从而导致了两个品种成熟果实间色泽的巨大差异。