横轴流脱粒分离装置的数学模型的建立与试验

横轴流脱粒分离装置滚筒长度限制了其脱粒分离能力,仅被应用于中小型联合收割机。为研究横轴流脱粒分离装置脱粒滚筒转速、喂入量、脱粒间隙等因素对脱粒分离性能的影响,优化装置结构,利用概率学理论建立了横轴流脱粒分离装置的未脱净率和夹带损失率数学模型。对模型正确性验证试验表明,模型对未脱净率的预测相对误差为8.23%,对夹带损失率的预测相对误差为2.90%。仿真分析和试验表明,该模型可反映籽粒轴向分布和脱粒滚筒转速、喂入量、脱粒间隙等参数对脱粒分离性能的影响。     

不同叶顶间隙下斜流泵内部 流动特性的数值模拟

为研究轮缘叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能和流动不稳定特性的影响,基于SST k-ω湍流模型对某斜流泵选取了0, 0.25, 1.00, 2.00 mm 4种尺寸的叶顶间隙进行数值计算,分析间隙区域内压差分布、泄漏量、叶顶泄漏涡旋强度以及进口轴面速度分布.结果表明:不同运行工况下,斜流泵泄漏量从叶轮进口到叶轮出口先增大后减小,其与间隙区内压差变化趋势相吻合.叶顶泄漏量随着间隙尺寸的增大而增大,导致泵的能量损失增大.经对比发现,间隙尺寸是影响叶顶泄漏量的主要因素.小流量工况下,随着叶顶间隙尺寸的增大,叶顶泄漏流与主流卷吸作用形成的泄漏涡强度逐渐增强.部分泄漏流进入相邻叶片通道,导致其流动失稳.随着叶顶间隙的增大,斜流泵能量损失明显增多,且内流不稳定性明显加剧.增大流量后,不同间隙下叶顶泄漏涡旋转强度均逐渐降低.     

Preliminary Investigation of the Area Under the l‐Lactate Concentration–Time Curve (LACAREA) in Critically Ill Equine Neonates

Background

A variety of measures of l‐lactate concentration ([LAC]) in the blood of critically ill neonatal foals have shown utility as prognostic indicators. These measures, evaluating either the severity of hyperlactatemia or the duration of exposure to hyperlactatemia, perform fairly well and have correctly classified 75–80% of foals examined in several studies. The area under the l‐lactate concentration versus time curve (LAC _Area) encompasses both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia and should improve correct classification of patient survival.

Hypothesis/Objectives

LAC _Area is larger in nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals.

Animals

Forty‐nine foals admitted for critical illness to 1 of 4 referral hospitals.

Methods

Whole blood was obtained at admission and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after admission for measurement of l‐lactate using a handheld lactate meter. LAC _Area was calculated for: admission–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24 hours, and admission–24 hours using the trapezoidal method and summing the 6‐hours interval areas to determine total 24 hours area. Differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were determined using robust regression and Kruskal–Wallis testing, P < .05.

Results

LAC _Area was significantly larger in nonsurviving foals (n = 9) than in surviving foals (n = 40) at all time periods examined.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Differences in LAC _Area between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals are large and support further investigation of this method as an improved biomarker for survival in critically ill neonatal foals is indicated.     

新疆野苹果小吉丁虫防治试验

采用林间试验,在苹果小吉丁虫幼虫期对受害野苹果树进行不同施药方式和施药浓度的组合处理,探究16%虫线清乳油对野苹果小吉丁虫化学防治效果。试验结果表明,采用打孔注药和输液法施药方式在30 d后校正防效均达到90%以上;采用输液法及施药浓度为1倍稀释时,在整个防治期内校正防效均高于其它处理。对返青率进行比较分析时发现,对于野苹果树生长,最适合的施药浓度为2倍稀释。因此,在虫害防治前期采用1倍稀释浓度、防治后期采用2倍稀释浓度进行施药防治的效果较好。     

油菜收获机割台螺旋输送器间隙自适应调节机构研究

针对油菜联合收获过程中由于喂入量波动导致割台螺旋输送器堵塞的问题,设计了一种割台螺旋输送器间隙自适应调节机构,实现喂入量变化时实时改变滑块位移以自动调节输送器与底板之间的间隙。输送器动力学与运动学分析确定了调节机构预紧弹簧最大预紧力和调节位移分别为366 N和50 mm。运用扭矩传感器和高速摄像技术分别开展输送器扭矩和调节位移的性能试验,当弹簧预紧力和刚度分别为293 N和12.65 N/mm时,输送器扭矩为8.267 N·m,减少了40.7%,调节位移为10.2 mm,调节机构性能较优。调节机构对输送器性能影响试验结果表明:增设间隙自适应调节机构可明显降低扭矩并增加最大喂入量,螺旋输送器转速为150 r/min时扭矩减小了23%;转速为200 r/min时,最大喂入量增加至3.5 kg/s,提高了16.7%。喂入量在不大于3.0 kg/s范围内波动时,试验组最大扭矩小于对照组,说明调节机构可较好适应喂入量的波动。田间试验表明间隙自适应调节机构可提高输送器对喂入量的适应性,避免割台堵塞,后续的脱粒装置、清选装置等工作部件未发生堵塞,油菜联合收获机可正常工作。     

转轮下环间隙对混流式水轮机内部流动特性的影响

水轮机转轮间隙内的泄漏涡、泄漏流等复杂的湍流易影响水轮机的性能与稳定性。为了分析下环间隙对混流式水轮机能量特性和内部流态的影响,该文基于N-S方程和SST湍流模型,考虑了0.6 Qd(Qd为设计流量工况)、0.8 Qd、Qd、1.2 Qd共4种流量工况,对5种下环间隙下的混流式水轮机模型机进行三维全流道数值计算。通过对比不同下环间隙方案对混流式水轮机效率与容积损失的影响,结合不同水轮机内部流场特征,分析下环间隙与水轮机性能的关系。计算结果表明:下环间隙由0.4 mm增大到1.3 mm,机组泄漏量增大,水轮机效率整体呈下降趋势。其中,当机组在小流量0.6 Qd工况运行时,间隙对水轮机能量特性影响最为明显,效率下降了4.1个百分点。当机组在小流量0.6 Qd与0.8 Qd工况运行时,下环间隙增大,间隙内部流场与尾水管内部流场呈现小幅度恶化;当机组在大流量1.2 Qd工况运行时,下环间隙增大,转轮叶片吸力面压力分布以及尾水管内部流场均得到改善。该研究可为混流式水轮机结构设计提供有效参考。     

莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械设计

目前,莲籽的加工是先切壳、穿芯,再进行分离与清选。由于壳与仁之间的间隙较小(0.1～0.2mm),莲籽穿芯、切壳后,多数壳、仁仍为一体,人工分离与清选难度加大,效率也很低下。为此,设计了莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械,将振动分离、揉搓分离、抛掷分离与气流分离有序结合,实施莲籽混合物中莲芯、碎壳和莲仁的分离与清选;介绍了莲籽壳仁分离与清选机械的主要结构和特点;分析了其工作原理和运动特性;确定了该机械的主要技术参数和经济指标。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

锯链张力和松弛的分析

静止状态下锯链不垂离导板的临界张力与导板轮廓线圆半径和锯链质量线密度成正比．无缓冲器导板的锯链安装张力应比有缓冲器导板的大．锯链和链轮的制造误差可能引起锯链附加张力或松弛下垂．锯链的松弛程度可用趾部间隙来衡量．锯链与导板的热胀冷缩不同步可能引起热张力或热松弛．文章给出了各种张力和趾部间隙的计算公式．     

新型数字化水泵变频调速系统的研

开关磁阻电机调速系统是一种新型机电能量转换装置, 具有结构简单坚固、成本低、高容错运行能力、低速高转矩能力和高温运行能力等突出优点。以TI公司的TMS320F2812 DSP为核心，运用光电编码其作为速度和位置传感器，采用霍尔传感器对电流进行采样，设计了全数字化水泵变频驱动系统，并在一台12/8极开关磁阻电机上得到了实现。实验表明与该系统硬件结构简单、实时性强、性价比高，开关磁阻电机的运行性得到提高。该系统应用于水泵具有高可靠性，且可以有效节能。