爱媛28’香橙砧与枳砧在南平市引种表现与评价

2017年引进早熟杂柑品种‘爱媛28’香橙砧和枳砧苗分别在大棚设施和露天进行试种，栽培4年调查比较两个砧木组合的生长表现、丰产性与果实品质，结果表明：‘爱媛28’香橙砧树表现生长势强，冠幅、树高、茎粗、结果枝、秋梢等生长量指标显著大于枳砧树，3a树初产1436 kg/667㎡，4a树2523kg/667㎡，显著高于枳砧4a树初产1809kg/667㎡；大棚种植香橙砧4a树果实10月下旬TSS11-12%，12月中旬TSS可达15%，与枳砧相当，可滴定酸比枳砧略高，两者固酸比均达18以上，口感风味极佳，两者单果重、果形指数、果皮厚度、可食率无显著性差异；未密封大棚4a树体经受2020年寒冬极端低温考验无明显冻害，抗旱抗寒能力中等，易感黑点病和流胶病，大棚种植能很好预防黑点病。综合评价爱媛28枳砧和香橙砧均适合在南平市种植，香橙砧比枳砧早期丰产性稳产性好，收益更高，香橙砧‘爱媛28’设施种植较枳砧更具优势。     

基于物联网的日光温室环境监测在线校准

[目的]温室环境条件特别是温度对于作物生长和发育具有十分显著的影响。日光温室调控的主要环境因子之一是温度。然而,自然环境下的光照对温度产生作用,影响空气温度的监测精度。大多温度传感要求将传感器置于避光处,然而实际应用中难以保证。[方法]采用机器学习中的支持向量机算法(SVM),对日光温室内的温度智能监测算法进行了研究,根据光照情况对实时监测的温度数据进行校准。[结果]通过与实验测量的数据进行对比分析,结果表明,所提出的监测方法可以较为准确地实时监测空气温度,从而无需使用隔热材料或者遮阳处理,就可以基于监测的数据更精确地对相应的环境因素进行调节。[结论]基于该方法,可采用常用的工业设备实现温室大棚内实时温度数据的监测,既可以节约设备和人力成本,又可以为温室控制提供准确的数据。     

种植年限对设施蔬菜土壤养分和环境的影响

为了给设施蔬菜地合理施肥提供依据,研究了不同种植年限设施蔬菜地土壤理化性质、微生物数量及酶活性变化,以露地土壤为对照(CK),采集种植1 a(年)、3 a、5 a、7 a、9 a、11 a、13 a、15 a、17 a、20 a以及20 a以上的0~20 cm设施蔬菜土壤样品,采用常规土壤理化性质检测方法测定了土壤理化性质和酶活性,采用平板计数法,分析土壤微生物数量。结果表明,设施菜地种植年限与土壤容重呈正相关,与土壤孔隙度呈负相关;设施菜地土壤pH值随种植年限的增加逐年降低,两者呈显著的负相关性;土壤EC值、土壤有机质和速效磷含量都随种植年限的增加而逐年增高,并与种植年限呈显著的正相关性;与CK相比,种植13 a的蔬菜样地土壤全氮和速效钾含量均显著地增加;连续种植20 a以上,设施蔬菜土壤含盐量比对照土壤显著地增加了486.49%。土壤细菌和放线菌数量、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,且都在种植年限为11~13 a时达到最大;真菌数量随着种植年限的增加而增加,而土壤脲酶活性则随种植年限的增加呈下降趋势;转化酶活性随着种植年限的增加保持不变。土壤微生物数量与酶活性之间存在一定程度的相关关系,其中土壤真菌数量与土壤酶活性之间的相关性最为显著。综上所述,种植年限不同的设施菜地,土壤养分失衡,呈现酸化趋势,盐分含量逐年增加,土传真菌病害潜在发生,对设施蔬菜生产不利。     

Modeling and implementing the use of aeration to increase water temperature and dissolved oxygen in greenhouse aquaculture cages

In this study, an unique bamboo floating cage was built in order to heat the water used for rearing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus) and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus, Bloch) in Northern Thailand during the colder rainy and winter seasons. This special greenhouse fish cage (SGFC) was covered with polyethylene to heat the surface air with solar energy, and insulated to prevent heat loss. The water temperature at depths of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.8 m was modeled and measured. In various trials, the cages were aerated with and without heated air from the surface. It was found that the thermal efficiency of the SGFC integrated with hot air aeration at a water depth of 0.80 m was 32.65 %. Throughout the day, the average water temperature was 31.82 ± 0.68 °C, which was 0.76 °C higher than the water temperature outside the experiment, and the amount of oxygen in the water of 11.35 ± 0.13 mg/l. The SGFC can produce one extra fish harvest per year when compared with regular fish cages. Development equations to describe the thermal model were used for predicting the water temperature in the SGFC and thus validating the model. Moreover, the economic analysis of the SGFC found that the payback period was one year, seven months and fourteen days.     

立体栽培生产线系统开发

日光温室占我国设施园艺总面积逐年提升,但如今日光温室土地利用效率却相当低下。目前设计用来提高土地利用率的机器还相对较少。本设计通过在三维仿真软件Solid Works仿真后,主要提供了一种新的立体栽培生产线系统,该种植机械采用钢架结构,简单的链条传动,能满足栽培植物的需光量,并且能提高土地利用率至原来的2.1倍左右。     

Effects of Oyster Shell Soil Amendmenton Fruit Auality and Soil Chemical Properties in Greenhouse Tomato Acidic Soils

[Objective]The aim was to explore the feasibility of applying oyster shell soil amendment for tomato production in order to determine proper quantity of the soil conditional.[Method]Field tests were performed to research effects of the soil conditioner on tomato yield,quality and soil p H.[Result]The results showed that tomato yield increased in the treatment groups with oyster shell soil amendment.The group SC50 increased the most by 16.5%than the control group.Based on normal fertilization,tomato growth was promoted by the soil amendment,and per tomato weight and lycopene content both improved during peak-fruiting period.Besides,soil p H value was enhanced by the soil amendment also.[Conclusion]It can be concluded that the effect was the best when soil conditioner was applied at 750 kg/hm2.     

塑料大棚对油松,侧柏容器苗生长的影响

70年代以来,塑料大棚容器育苗技术(以下简称大棚技术)在我国有了较快的发展,与常规育苗相比,它具有出苗早、造林成活率高等优点。目前对大棚容器育苗技术的研究,多集中于培养基质、容器类型、规格等方面,但对大棚条件下,环境变化与苗木生     

温室黄瓜新品种津优335号的选育

津优335号是以自交系A143-5为母本,以自交系B74A-7为父本配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种。耐低温弱光能力强,植株长势强,雌花节率高、连续结瓜能力强,瓜条生长速度快。瓜条商品性突出,品质好。抗枯萎病,中抗褐斑病、霜霉病和白粉病。越冬栽培不歇秧,单瓜质量约220g,总产量20000kg·(667m2)-1左右,适宜我国北方地区日光温室各茬口栽培。     

棚室番茄水肥一体化试验

为对水肥一体化在生产上的应用提供数据支持,在河北永年县开展了棚室番茄水肥一体化技术与常规普通施肥对比试验。试验结果表明,采用每667 m2用水250 m3、追肥40 kg的水肥一体化技术,可比常规栽培节水34.2%、节肥20%,番茄增产4.74%。     

早春设施大棚苦瓜品种比较试验

2013-2014年在设施大棚条件下,以玉云苦瓜为对照,对新翠、翠玉、雅秀、春晓1号、翡玉5个苦瓜品种进行对比试验。试验结果表明,新翠苦瓜早熟、商品性优、生长势强,产量达5 394.3 kg/667 m2,综合性状优于其他5个品种,是平和地区早春设施大棚大面积种植的首选品种。