香花槐容器育苗技术初步研究

2003年春在山西太岳林局进行了香花槐种根容器育苗试验，大棚容器育苗与田间容器育苗对比研究结果表明，大棚育苗明显优于田间育苗，前者种苗的平均高、地径、生根数、主根长分别比后者提高了269．8%，5．91%，84．79％，75．6%。笔者认为，大棚容器育苗是快速培育香花槐优质种苗的有效途径，并就这一技术作了简要介绍。     

旱地油瓜育苗技术试验初探

对引进的旱地油瓜进行了大棚容器育苗和田间容器育苗试验，调查了不同发芽时间的苗高、地径、根长及叶片数的生长情况，对不同育苗时间、种子处理时间、出圃时间及容器规格等进行了分析，总结了容器育苗的一系列技术。     

大棚育苗 四季栽树

江西兴国县打破过去只有春季才可育苗、植树的季节限制 ,采用冬季大棚育苗、容器育苗 ,春季定植的造林新方法 ,以缩短育苗时间 ,并可实现四季栽树 ,去年冬季 ,该县已用大棚育苗、容器育苗 5万株 ,开春后已在京九铁路沿线定植容器育苗 2万株。目前该县用大棚育苗、容器育苗树种有赤桉、木荷、湿地松等 ,定植后的成活率达 1 0 0 %。大棚育苗 四季栽树@钟贞培     

容器育苗与难造林地块造林技术

容器苗较裸根苗速生、抗逆性强 ,故造林成活率高。林口林业局用大棚培育落叶松容器苗在阳坡、陡坡和岩石裸露地难造林地块进行造林试验 ,成活率高达90 %以上 ,解决了这类地块的造林问题。详细介绍了大棚温室设置方式与容器苗的育苗技术     

蓝云杉快速育苗技术

对引种的蓝云杉种子,采用塑料大棚和压缩基质块容器育苗,经过3a的强化培育管理,平均苗高达到53.09cm,逐步总结出了蓝云杉大棚压缩基质块容器快速育苗技术措施:通过与大田苗、不补光的对照苗等对比分析,选出了蓝云杉采取塑料大棚和压缩基质块容器是最好的育苗方式,为生产实际应用和蓝云杉良种基地的建立提供技术支撑。     

容器育苗与难造林地块造林技术

容器苗较裸根苗速生、抗逆性强,故造林成活率高。林口林业局用大棚培育落叶松容器苗在阳坡、陡坡和岩石裸露地难造林地块进行造林试验,成活率高达９０％以上,解决了这类地块的造林问题。详细介绍了大棚温室设置方式与容器苗的育苗技术。     

塑料大棚樟子松容器育苗技术

大棚樟子松容器育苗,改善了生态环境,缩短了育苗时间,苗木质量好产量高,造林成活率、保存率均高于裸根苗。大棚樟子松容器育苗是加快培育壮苗,提高荒山造林质量的有效途径。     

林木工厂化育苗取得新进展

<正> “七五”国家重点科技攻关课题“林木工厂化育苗和设备研究”专题于去年底进行技术验收,并通过科技成果鉴定。该研究内容包括“华南地区年产100万株林木组培苗工厂化生产技术的研究”和“华南地区年产100万株林木容器苗工厂化生产技术的研究”2项育苗技术研究,以及“系列化育苗容器制作设备及纸容器工厂化生产工艺的研究”、“工厂化育苗大棚网室的研究”、“流动式容器育苗装播作业线的研制”、“种子裹衣机的     

南平森科种苗有限公司

南平森科种苗有限公司是福建省唯一一家掌握轻基质容器网袋生产技术，开展轻基质网袋容器育苗工厂化生产的厂家。该公司现有畜肥苗基地150亩，育苗大棚6万平方米，轻基质网袋容器生产线4条，     

论育苗经营方式

剖析了露天育苗的弊端,推崇容器大棚育苗的育苗经营方式。     

苗期遮阴对凤丹白牡丹光合特性的影响

在大田条件下研究不同遮阴程度对凤丹白(牡丹)苗期光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:在夏季晴天、自然光照条件下,凤丹白苗期的光合速率日变化表现为"双峰型",有明显的"光合午休"现象,净光合速率显著低于遮阴处理;当年生苗遮阴75%条件下,净光合速率没有出现"光合午休"现象,2年生苗遮阴60%条件下,净光合速率显著高于其他处理。自然光照条件下,2年生苗的最大净光合速率和表观量子效率显著高于1年生苗。经过遮阴处理的F_v/F_m均显著高于全光照植株。试验结果说明:夏季大田中午强光、高温条件下,凤丹白幼苗光合作用受光抑制显著,遮阴可有效减轻光抑制,综合比较各参数可知,遮阴60%最适合凤丹白播种苗的生长。     

Ontogenetic changes in stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis of two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks differing in leaf life span

A quantitative analysis was applied to the stomatal and biochemical limitations to light-saturated net photosynthesis under optimal field conditions in mature trees and seedlings of the co-occurring evergreen oak, Quercus ilex L., and the deciduous oak, Q. faginea Lam. Stomatal limitation to photosynthesis, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate were determined from assimilation versus intercellular leaf carbon dioxide concentration response curves of leaves that were subsequently analyzed for nitrogen (N) concentration, mass per unit area, thickness and percent internal air space. In both species, seedlings had a lower leaf mass per unit area, thickness and leaf N concentration than mature trees. The root system of seedlings during their third year after planting was dominated by a taproot. A lower leaf N concentration of seedlings was associated with lower maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate and with assimilation rates similar to or lower than those of mature trees, despite the higher stomatal conductances and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies of seedlings. Consequently, stomatal limitation to photosynthesis increased with tree age in both species. In both seedlings and mature trees, a lower assimilation rate in Q. ilex than in Q. faginea was associated with lower stomatal conductance, N allocation to photosynthetic functions, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate, and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but greater leaf thickness and leaf mass per unit area. Tree-age-related changes differed quantitatively between species, and the characteristics of the two species were more similar in seedlings than in mature trees. Despite higher stomatal conductances, seedlings are more N limited than adult trees, which contributes to lower biochemical efficiency.     

杉木营养平衡与苗木干物质的分配关系

详细研究了不同营养 (N、P、NP)条件下杉木苗木干物质在根冠的分配规律 ,结果表明 ,不同的营养条件可导致苗木光合产物在根冠发生明显再分配 ,苗木的营养状态和根冠干物质分配的关系规律可应用异速生长模型y =axk 来描述和刻划。基于营养与光合产物在根冠的再分配规律及异速生长模型参数k值对营养胁迫反应的敏感性变化规律 ,提出了新的营养平衡理论和营养诊断方法 (称之为苗木群体营养诊断法 )。营养诊断法则为 :(1)在某一营养条件下 ,如果苗木异速生长模型参数k <1时 ,表明根系相对生长速率高于冠层相对生长速率 ,苗木处于营养亏缺状态 ;(2 )当k >1时 ,表明苗木冠层相对生长速率高于根系 ,苗木处于营养过剩状态 ,一般在自然条件下 ,k >1是不会出现的 ;(3)当k =1时 ,表明根系和冠层相对生长速率相等 ,苗木处于营养平衡状态。根据新的营养诊断方法 ,制定了杉木叶片和土壤营养诊断标准 ,并通过大量的杉木幼、中、近熟林施肥试验结果验证了营养平衡理论的正确性。     

不同栽杉代数29年生杉木林净生产力及营养元素生物循环的研究

对南平溪后２９年生杉木林不同连载代数林分生物量、净生产力及营养元素生物循环的研究结果表明：随连载代数增加，林分总生物量下降，林分净生长量及乔木层净生长量占林分净生长量比例均有明显降低，生态系统中营养元素贮量减少，乔木层营养元素吸收量、存留量和归还量均下降，但林下植被层营养元素吸收量、存留量和归还量则明显增加，林分的营养元素吸收量、存留量和归还量却增大。不同代数杉木林营养元素总的循环速率为２代（０．     

Effects of water stress on Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings in the desert region of Heihe inland river watershed, Gansu Province, China

The water relation and leaf gas exchange of saxoul (Haloxylon Ammodendron Bge, a C4 shrub) seedlings were studied under water stress in 2001. Saxoul seedlings maintained high transpiration when the soil moisture was above 11%. The seedlings were able to take up water from soil with above 6 % soil water content, which was the threshold level of soil moisture for seedlings. The relationship between transpiration and potential evaporation was linear for well-watered seedlings. The decrease of soil water availability led to different degrees of down-regulation of stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and net CO2 assimilation rate. The stomata played a relatively small part in determining the net CO2 assimilation rate for the same seedling. The relationship between net CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration was linear diurnally, and reduction scale of leaf transpiration was much bigger than that of net CO2 assimilation rate by waters tress treatments, therefore intrinsic water-use-efficiency increased. High evaporative demand increased the leaf transpiration but inhibited net CO2 assimilation rate.Because of the effect of VPD on transpiration in this region, the transpiration of well-watered and mild water stress seedlings becomes responsive to change in stomatal conductance over a wider range.     

油松、辽东栎混交林中生化他感作用的研究

研究了油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）、辽东栎（ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｄｚ．）混交林中的生化他感作用，结果表明：油松、辽东栎纯林及松栎混交林下的枯落叶、半分解枯落叶及表层土壤水浸液对油松及其它植物的种子发芽和幼苗胚根、幼茎生长有显著的影响，一般在高浓度下表现为强烈的抑制作用，低浓度下作用不显著或起促进作用。其中辽东栎枯落叶水浸液的抑制作用最为强烈，混交林中枯落叶的抑制作用有所下降。说明在某些条件（干旱、混交比例和混交方式不当）下，两树种混交可引起林地生化他感物质富积，从而导致油松生长不良，林地生产力下降。解释了实际林地的现象，为营造松栎混交林提供了依据。     

黑河流域荒漠地区水分胁迫对梭梭苗木影响的试验研究(英文)

梭梭(HaloxylonAmmodendronBge,一种C4灌木)苗种植在15升的容器中,给予不同的水分胁迫处理,研究了其水分关系和气体交换特征。结果表明:当土壤水分含量大于11%时,梭梭苗有高的蒸腾量;土壤水分含量低于6%时,苗木就不能从土壤中吸取水分;很好供水的苗木的蒸腾量与潜在蒸发量成线型相关。气体交换测定发现,随着土壤水分含量的下降,造成了不同程度的气孔导度、叶蒸腾强度和光合作用的下降。对同一苗木而言,由于这个地区有高的水气压亏缺(VPD),很好和中度供水的苗木在气孔反应方面有较宽的范围,气孔在决定光合作用方面起着较小的作用,二者没有明显的线型相关关系。虽然水分胁迫使蒸腾速率比光合速率下降的更快,提高了水分利用效率,而较高的蒸发需求增加了蒸腾量,限制了光合作用,但是总的趋势是光合作用和蒸腾强度成线型相关。图6表2参15。     

杉木短穗扦插苗与实生苗生长对比研究

为了培育杉木速生丰产林，用杉木优质短穗扦插苗与实生苗进行更新造林试验。通过3、9和15a期的观测，结果表明，杉木优质短穗扦插苗表现为林相整齐、速生丰产的特点。平均胸径、立木材积比实生苗高，均超过极显著的水平。说明采用杉木优质短穗扦插苗造林是解决杉木连栽产量低，保持杉木速生丰产的有效途径。     

光强对无瓣海桑幼苗的生长和光合特性的影响

根据实地测定人工无瓣海桑红树林不同环境下的光照强度,研究了不同光强环境对无瓣海桑幼苗的生长和光合特性的影响.结果表明:随着光照强度的降低,无瓣海桑幼苗的生长和光合特性指标水平均呈下降趋势,且不同光强处理间差异显著.在光照强度为全光照的80％和40％时,幼苗的各项生长指标下降,长势较全光照环境下的幼苗差;在荫蔽初期(2～4个月),弱光环境对幼苗的茎高、叶面积和叶片长宽比的增加有促进作用,随着荫蔽时间的延长,则产生抑制作用,不利于幼苗的生长;当光强达全光照的20％时,幼苗生长极为缓慢.在荫蔽处理180 d时,Sa80、Sa40、Sa20的幼苗死亡率分别为42％、70％、100％;在弱光环境下,无瓣海桑幼苗根、茎、叶的生物量分别下降了90％、80％、91％;随着环境光强水平的下降,无瓣海桑幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率等生理参数均呈下降趋势,各处理间差异显著.试验说明光强不足是造成无瓣海桑幼苗生长和光合水平低下及死亡率较高的主要原因,并对无瓣海桑幼苗的天然更新与自然扩散和人工造林技术进行了讨论.     

Leaf gas exchange characteristics of three neotropical mangrove species in response to varying hydroperiod

We determined how different hydroperiods affected leaf gas exchange characteristics of greenhouse-grown seedlings (2002) and saplings (2003) of the mangrove species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn., Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f., and Rhizophora mangle L. Hydroperiod treatments included no flooding (unflooded), intermittent flooding (intermittent), and permanent flooding (flooded). Plants in the intermittent treatment were measured under both flooded and drained states and compared separately. In the greenhouse study, plants of all species maintained different leaf areas in the contrasting hydroperiods during both years. Assimilation-light response curves indicated that the different hydroperiods had little effect on leaf gas exchange characteristics in either seedlings or saplings. However, short-term intermittent flooding for between 6 and 22 days caused a 20% reduction in maximum leaf-level carbon assimilation rate, a 51% lower light requirement to attain 50% of maximum assimilation, and a 38% higher demand from dark respiration. Although interspecific differences were evident for nearly all measured parameters in both years, there was little consistency in ranking of the interspecific responses. Species by hydroperiod interactions were significant only for sapling leaf area. In a field study, R. mangle saplings along the Shark River in the Everglades National Park either demonstrated no significant effect or slight enhancement of carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency while flooded. We obtained little evidence that contrasting hydroperiods affect leaf gas exchange characteristics of mangrove seedlings or saplings over long time intervals; however, intermittent flooding may cause short-term depressions in leaf gas exchange. The resilience of mangrove systems to flooding, as demonstrated in the permanently flooded treatments, will likely promote photosynthetic and morphological adjustment to slight hydroperiod shifts in many settings.