Barriers to Open Government Data (OGD) initiative in Tanzania: Stakeholders’ perspectives

Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives are picking up across the globe with their emphasis upon the tenets of transparency, collaboration, and participation. While much of the research has remained confined at unraveling the theoretical and conceptual dimensions of OGD, empirical investigations are visibly lacking, especially in the African context. Using a qualitative research methodology, we analyze the responses received from relevant stakeholders—representatives from public and private sector—regarding their views about the OGD initiative in Tanzania. Our findings show that the OGD initiative in Tanzania is in an emerging stage and there are barriers (organizational, social, legal, and technical) toward instituting a robust OGD initiative in the country. Further, we find that there is inertia among the government departments in terms of publishing data sets. Our findings provide a sounding board for further research on the sustainability of OGD initiatives in Tanzania and the other African countries, by and large.     

Application of the analytic hierarchy process to riparian revegetation policy options

While riparian vegetation can play a major role in protecting land, water and natural habitat in catchments, there are high costs associated with tree planting and establishment and in diverting land from cropping. The distribution of costs and benefits of riparian revegetation creates conflicts in the objectives of various stakeholder groups, and elicitation of importance weights of objectives and determination of rankings of a number of policy options by these stakeholder groups becomes critical in decision-making. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multicriteria analysis technique that provides an appropriate tool to accommodate the conflicting views of various stakeholder groups. The AHP allows the users to assess the relative importance of multiple criteria (or multiple alternatives against a given criterion) in an intuitive manner. This paper presents an application of AHP to obtain preference weights of environmental, social and economic objectives which have been used in ranking riparian revegetation policy options in a small catchment (watershed) in north Queensland, Australia. The preference weights towards environmental, economic and social objectives have been obtained for the various stakeholder groups (landholders, representatives of local sugar mill staff, environmentalists, recreational fishers and the local community). The AHP technique has proved useful in eliciting objectives and ranking policy options as well as in checking for consistency of the statements of stakeholder groups. Implementation of this approach requires a complex data elicitation process.     

不同利益主体在水土保持生态建设中的作用机制——以福建长汀县为例

贫困与生态环境之间的关系是多维、复杂、因地而异的,需要翔实数据与典型案例的支撑,更需要全新的视角.传统研究过于强调某一主体的作用,忽略了不同主体综合作用的结果,尤其是忽视了不同主体之间相互作用过程,因此,还不足以全面理解贫困与生态环境之间的复杂关系.以福建长汀县为典型区域,运用利益主体分析框架探讨政府、民众、企业、非政府组织(NGOs)、国际组织等不同利益主体在水土保持生态建设过程中的作用机制.研究结果有助于充分理解不同利益主体的作用机制,并为同类区域制定扶贫战略与资源环境保护政策提供借鉴.     

基于IRT框架的乡村旅游协同发展机制研究——以山东省典型村为例

乡村旅游产业发展契合了乡村振兴战略的基本要求,以可持续发展视角关注乡村旅游业的多重价值,为乡村产业融合、经济发展和农民就业增收提供了持久动力。基于一体化乡村旅游(IRT)框架理论,以山东省乡村旅游典型村为研究对象,运用案例分析方法探究乡村旅游协同发展的内在基础与阶段特征,剖析乡村旅游协同发展的驱动机制与实现路径。结果表明,乡村旅游初始发展阶段依赖于资源内生性与利益共享性,市场化运作阶段强调组织化嵌入与规模化经营,快速扩张阶段关注社区赋权与内生性发展,持续发展阶段诉求利益均衡与合作共生。社区参与、多元赋权与价值认同,多利益相关者的参与、联合与协同,持续、有效的制度性供给与规范是乡村旅游协同发展的运行基础。但是,乡村旅游不同发展阶段面临着多元主体利益不均衡、资源内生性不足、乡土文化异化、社区赋权程度低和城乡要素流动不畅等问题与挑战。因此,提出合作网络构建与协作经营机制、多元主体的利益协调机制、乡村社会文化的保护与建构机制、资本嵌入与竞合机制等协同发展路径。     

Assessing Knowledge Production for Agrosilvopastoral Systems in South America

In recent decades agroforestry has undergone significant development in Latin America. South America generates the most scientific research on the topic in the region. We conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of knowledge production for South American agroforestry that includes livestock grazing, known as agrosilvopastoralism (AS), examining how different sociopolitical factors such as sources of funding, institutional priorities, and international cooperation can bias the direction and objectives of scientific research. We assessed the major attributes of scientific publications on the topic (25 articles per country; overall n = 210) and the potential factors underlying the processes of research and development in the region. The tree component was the most studied, while the livestock component received less attention. Studies were mainly focused on the production of goods and services (monetary or nonmonetary approaches), except in Brazil, where conservation was the major study objective. Stakeholders were involved in more than half of the studies (60%), and they were mostly ranchers and local producers. More than half (70%) of the studies offered recommendations based on their results, and such recommendations were mostly concerned with the management of agrosilvopastoral system components. In general, studies were led just as often by local as foreign first authors and coauthored by more than three people as part of interinstitutional working groups. Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile had more frequent cooperation among institutions and countries but mainly used their own funding. In contrast, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru had almost 100% of their studies supported by foreign countries (North America and Europe). Countries with greater internal funding of research generated more long-term studies. Besides this, two clear trends were detected: 1) conservation and social aspects were mainly supported by sources from external countries led by foreign principal investigators, and 2) production issues were supported from sources within countries and supported high levels of cooperation among institutions.     

基于农民专业合作经济组织的营销渠道成员利益共生机制研究

运用共生理论,试图对以农民专业合作经济组织为轴心的营销渠道成员利益共生关系和共生发展问题进行研究。首先,分析了营销渠道各成员之间的利益共生冲突状况,并用调研案例进行讨论分析;其次,在分析其共生条件的基础上,构建营销渠道成员利益共生循环模式;最后,从利益分配、利益补偿、利益表达、利益保障和利益协调5个方面构建了基于农民专业合作经济组织的营销渠道上利益相关者的共生机制。     

生态规划推进基层社会治理范式转换研究

本研究旨在通过分析包容性生态规划中各利益相关者的作用,指出其能够推动社会治理范式的转换。生态规划是中国正在推行的区域国土空间规划的一项重要内容,它是沟通自然与社会生态系统的桥梁,通过生态规划过程推进基层社会治理能力是区域国土空间规划能够取得成效的关键。本研究基于2000年以来的研究和实践,分析生态规划中基层政府及其部门、公众、规划师、其他社会力量等各方在生态规划的编制、实施、监测与评估等交互合作过程中的作用,将生态规划面临的两种社会治理范式进行了比较,指出生态规划包容合作的治理范式有能力助力社会治理范式转换。通过对包容性生态规划过程的描述,指出可以通过其具体过程中协调主体间性的方式助力社会治理转变为各利益相关者共同参与的、多方合作的治理体系和多元协商平台。     

利益相关者视角下农村水资源管理模式实证分析

在农村水资源管理依然存在较多困难的情况下,十分有必要探索农村社区内不同利益群体共同参与的水资源管理模式。通过对云南省克木村水资源管理模式的实地调查发现,该村水资源管理中得到了政府部门的大力支持,在共同的文化背景下,该村以村民自治为基础进行水资源管理取得很好的效果。这种水资源管理模式将政府、村干部、村民等利益群体以一定的规则相连接,促使农村水资源的可持续利用,对农村水资源管理具有很好的借鉴意义。     

褐色土地再利用的利益相关者环境冲突分析

在明确褐色土地相关概念的基础上,分析了政府、企业、社区居民、工业企业、开发商、媒体等利益相关者关于褐色土地的环境纠纷与冲突.分析结果表明:1.褐色土地各利益相关者之间冲突产生的原因在于褐色土地的开发利用存在着潜在的利益,同时也存在着因污染而带来的环境健康风险;2.褐色土地利益相关者间的环境冲突大都是相伴发生;3.褐色土地再利用利益相关者间的关系并不总是对立的,在更高层次上看,具有利益共容性即社会利益;4.褐色土地再利用同一利益群体内部也存在着纠纷与冲突.     

项目制资源下乡:利益主体、风险与规避

党的十九大提出了乡村振兴战略决策后,大量公共资源向农村地区输入。项目制资源下乡受到地方政府的青睐,其具有一定的特惠性与竞争性,通过分析项目制资源下乡过程中政府、企业、村庄、村民、村干部等利益主体之间的关系,发现在资源分配中存在着决策信息失真风险、资源流失风险、项目失败风险和农村基层治理生态失衡风险。从健全信息收集反馈机制、建立监督管理制度、引入参与式发展项目管理和重塑农村基层治理秩序等方面提出了规避风险的思考,以期实现公共资源有效下放。