吲哚美辛缓释胶囊制备的处方研究

制备了吲哚美辛缓释胶襄,并考察了其释药机理及影响释药因素。结果表明：微晶纤维素的用量是影响微丸质量的主要因素,包衣材料乙基纤维素与聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ号的比例及包衣增重是影响药物释放的主要因素。吲哚美辛缓释胶襄制备工艺稳定,能够达到12h平稳释药。     

缓解高蛋白日粮引发禽痛风的典型药物比较试验

将200只22日龄罗曼肉鸡随机均分5组,以筛选能缓解高蛋白日粮引发痛风症的最佳药物。经5周试验,与未添加药物的对照组相比:①VA组能降低25%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高12.83%(P<0.01)的增重速度和8.43%的饲料报酬,对肠胃无不良影响;②别嘌呤醇(Allopuri-nol)组能降低22.5%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高11.95%(P<0.01)的增重速度和7.66%的饲料报酬,但产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;③苯溴马隆(Benzbromarone)组能降低20%(P<0.05)的痛风,提高11.5%(P<0.01)的增重速度和6.51%的饲料报酬,但也产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;④爱西特(Medicinalcharcoalcapsules)组能降低30%(P<0.01)的痛风,对肠胃无不良影响,但降低了3.54%(P>0.05)的增重速度和3.83%的饲料报酬。     

The Effect of Anthelmintic Capsules on the Egg Output and Larval Viability of Drug-resistant Parasites

Challenge with an equal mix of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible larvae of Teladorsagia circumcincta resulted in infections in groups of lambs (n = 6) either untreated or given controlled-release capsules, containing either albendazole or ivermectin. Lambs treated with albendazole capsules contained similar numbers of adult worms at necropsy to the other groups but had no detectable faecal egg count. Animals treated with ivermectin capsules had similar worm burdens and faecal egg counts to the control group but the worms had significantly higher numbers of eggs in utero. These results provide evidence for suppression of egg production by both anthelmintic treatments. The observation that albendazole caused a significant reduction in the developmental success of parasite eggs also has implications for the use of faecal egg count as an indicator for pasture contamination with resistant parasites. In two further groups of lambs, either untreated or given albendazole capsules, treatment caused a significant reduction in egg count and adult worm burden of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. No significant effects were observed on in utero egg counts or egg viability and the apparent effect on the number of eggs produced in faeces per adult female was not significant (p = 0.077). There was, therefore, no evidence that albendazole controlled-release capsules caused suppression of egg output in this species.     

Reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against field isolates of Haemonchus contortus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against two field isolates of Haemonchus contortus. These isolates were identified on separate properties in the New England region of New South Wales. PROCEDURE: Reduced efficacy of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics against two field isolates of H contortus was suspected. These isolates were obtained from sheep on separate farms and pen trials were performed to investigate the efficacy of macrocyclic lactones. The percentage efficacy was calculated for moxidectin, ivermectin and closantel against the isolate from one farm (VHR23) and for moxidectin, ivermectin and abamectin against the isolate from the second (VHR29). The persistent activity of moxidectin against both isolates was investigated. RESULTS: Ivermectin and closantel were found to have efficacies below 80% against established populations of VHR23. Moxidectin was effective against an established population of VHR23 but the persistent activity was reduced to 7 days. Moxidectin was also found to be effective against established populations of VHR29, however, ivermectin and abamectin were found to have efficacies below 80%. There was no evidence of persistent activity of moxidectin against VHR29. CONCLUSION: A reduction in efficacy of abamectin and/or ivermectin against field isolates of H. contortus was identified from two farms in the New England region of New South Wales. The persistent effect of moxidectin was reduced against both isolates.     

Comparing Nutrient Availability in Low-Fertility Soils using Ion Exchange Resin Capsules

Assessing the nutrient status of low-input, low-fertility desert soils poses some unique challenges. Commonly used soil analysis procedures and resin capsules generally assess nutrient status of fertile agricultural soils. Ion-exchange resin capsules (Unibest Company, Bozeman, Mont.) provide a viable alternative. A study was conducted to determine effectiveness of resin capsules to extract low levels of nutrients applied to native soils. Loamy sand and sandy clay loam desert soils from Utah were treated with combinations of four rates of nitrogen (N) as ammonium nitrate (34–0–0), three rates of phosphorus (P) as phosphoric acid (0–72–0), and two rates of iron sulfate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) (include an untreated control). Each soil treatment was implanted with a resin capsule placed into either 250 or 1000 cm³ of soil after addition of water equivalent to 50% field capacity and incubated for either 60 or 120 days at 25 °C. After the appropriate incubation time, capsules were washed and extracted using 2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the extract was used to measure iron (Fe), ammonium (NH₄)-N, nitrate (NO₃)-N, sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). Conventional soil tests were completed on incubated soils (60 or 120 days). Resin capsules reflected NH₄-N and P fertilizer applied at low rates in the loamy sand but not in the sandy clay loam. Neither Fe nor Zn application was reflected in resin capsules, but the accompanying S was clearly quantified. In comparison to conventional soil test procedures, resin capsule NH₄-N was clearly a better indicator than KCl-extractable NH₄-N; resin capsule NO₃-N was effective, but not as good an indicator as water extraction; and resin capsule P was reflective of soil applied P in loamy sand but not in sandy clay loam, whereas sodium bicarbonate was effective in both soils. Resin capsules show promise for use in low-input conditions, but additional understanding of interactions in variable soils is needed.     

杏仁油中脂肪酸成分分析及其软胶囊的制备

对杏仁油脂肪酸的组成进行了气相色谱分析,结果表明:杏仁油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,其不饱和脂肪酸占油脂总量的96.68%,很适合制备具有营养保健功能的杏仁油软胶囊。同时对制备杏仁油软胶囊的囊壳处方与崩解时限进行了研究,结果表明:当软胶囊的囊材比(水∶明胶∶甘油)为1∶1∶0.5时软胶囊的品质最好,崩解时间分别为10、9、12 min,完全符合中华人民共和国药典的规定。     

鸡病原性大肠杆菌（O2）亚单位疫苗的研究

试验提取并纯化了鸡病原性大肠杆菌血清型（Ｏ２）的菌毛，并电镜观察了菌毛及菌毛表达。提取了鸡病原性大肠杆菌血清型（Ｏ２）荚膜多糖及菌体可溶性蛋白质，电镜观察了提取过程中荚膜、细胞壁以及胞内物质等细菌结构变化。将提取的菌毛、荚膜多糖和灭活的菌体作为抗原、蜂胶作佐剂，制成蜂胶疫苗，免疫鸡只，于７周龄进行同尖毒保护试验，从保护指数、细菌分离和病变级数三方面比较了３种疫苗的免疫效果，试验结果表明：荚膜疫苗效     

广藿香油-β-环糊精包合物胶囊的制备及稳定性研究

采用饱和水溶液法制备广藿香油(Oleum Pogostemonis)-β-环糊精包合物,并进一步制备胶囊.设计单因素试验和正交试验考察广藿香油与β-环糊精的比例、包合时间、包合温度对包合物指标的影响,优化包合条件.结果表明,广藿香油与β-环糊精质量比为1∶7、包合温度为50℃、包合时间为3h时,包合物收率为90.84％、包合物含油率为14.93％、广藿香油收率为92.63％,综合评分结果最高.对包合物用薄层色谱法(TLC)进行验证,表明包合物已经形成.每50g包合物中添加0.5 g硬脂酸镁,所得胶囊休止角最小,水分、装量差异和崩解时限均符合《药典》规定.稳定性检测结果表明广藿香油-β-环糊精包合物胶囊对光、热、湿的稳定性明显高于广藿香油与β-环糊精的物理混合物.     

Effect of Liang Xue Huo Xue capsules on mouse psoriasis-like lesions induced by imiquimod

AIM: To observe the effects of Liang Xue Huo Xue (LXHX) capsules on mouse psoriasis-like lesions induced by imiquimod (IMQ). METHODS: BALB/c female mice (n=48) were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, model group, LXHX capsules groups with high, medium or low doses, and glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) group. On day 8, skin lesions were determined by pathological examination. The lesions were evaluated according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). The histology and epidermal thicknesses were observed under light microscope. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, the positive expression of CD3, CD11c, F4/80, CD31 and Gr-1 was counted by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the cutaneous symptoms in LXHX capsules groups were alleviated, with PASI scores decreased, epidermal parakeratosis and epidermal over-proliferation relived, the numbers of dermal T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes reduced significantly. CONCLUSION: LXHX capsules improve imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis-like lesions by inhibiting over-proliferation of keratinocytes, parakeratosis, inflammatory infiltration and angiogenisis.     

RP-HPLC-DAD法对银杏叶胶囊质量监控研究

[目的]利用色谱指纹图谱技术建立银杏叶胶囊质量监控方法。[方法]采用RP-HPLC-DAD方法和中药色谱指纹图谱相似度软件对银杏叶胶囊进行了质量监控研究。色谱柱为Inertsil~RODS-3 C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为0.4%磷酸水(A)-乙腈(B)系统,梯度洗脱;流速为1.00 m L/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为360 nm。[结果]银杏叶胶囊与对照品全峰匹配,其相似度为0.901~0.933。[结论]该方法操作简便、稳定、重复性好,为银杏叶胶囊质量控制提供实践依据及有效方法。