Effect of farm management on topsoil organic carbon and aggregate stability in water: A case study from Southwest England,UK

There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOC_adj R² = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOC_unadj R² = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.     

江西省数字农业发展现状、问题与建议

数字农业的发展对于农业现代化转型升级具有重要意义。根据江西省县域数字农业相关数据和文献资料,分析江西省数字农业发展现状,指出目前江西省数字农业发展存在数据服务配套不完善、小农户应用困难以及法律法规政策建设相对落后等问题,提出应加强数字农业信息服务支持力度、培育新型农业经营主体,以及强化政策顶层设计等建议。     

土壤铅和镉溶出伏安法检测中影响因素及其削弱方法研究进展

溶出伏安法具有分析速度快、成本低、灵敏度高等优点被广泛应用于检测土壤重金属含量，但在检测土壤重金属时，溶出伏安检测精度会受到多方面因素的影响。该文在介绍溶出伏安法工作原理的基础上，从伏安参数、试验条件和土壤物质成分三方面阐述溶出伏安法检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+为的影响因素，解析各因素的影响机理，归纳影响削弱方法的研究进展。研究结论为：方波脉冲阳极溶出伏安法最常用于检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+，伏安参数包括脉冲幅值、电压增量和脉冲频率，试验条件包括沉积时间、沉积电压和支持电解质种类及其pH值，土壤成分主要干扰因素包括非目标重金属和有机质。针对伏安参数和试验条件的影响可以设计优化试验有效削弱。针对非目标重金属和有机质的干扰影响，目前研究还没有提出有效的削弱方法。最后，展望了溶出伏安法检测土壤重金属的未来发展方向。     

Worlding aspirations and resilient futures: Framings of risk and contemporary city‐making in Metro Cebu,the Philippines

In the Philippines, calls for creating ‘global’, ‘sustainable’ and ‘resilient’ cities are placing urban poor communities in increasingly precarious positions. These communities have long been the targets of urban development and ‘modernisation’ efforts; more recently the erasure of informal settlements from Philippine cities is being bolstered at the behest of climate change adaptation and disaster risk management (DRM) agendas. In Metro Cebu, flood management has been at the heart of DRM and broader urban development discussions, and is serving as justification for the demolition and displacement of informal settler communities in areas classed as ‘danger zones’. Using Kusno's (2010) interpretation of the ‘exemplary centre’ as a point of departure, this paper interrogates the relationship between DRM, worlding aspirations (Roy and Ong, 2011) and market‐oriented urbanisation in Cebu, and considers the socio‐spatial implications of these intersecting processes for urban poor communities. Through analysing the contradictions inherent in framings of certain bodies and spaces as being ‘of risk’ or ‘at risk’ over others, I argue that the epistemologies of modernity, disaster risk and resilience endorsed and propagated by the state are facilitating processes of displacement and dispossession that serve elite commercial interests under the auspices of disaster resilience and pro‐poor development.     

基于能值理论的长三角沿江城市群生态-经济-社会系统可持续发展态势研究

[目的]对长三角沿江城市群生态—经济—社会系统可持续发展态势进行研究,为该区域生态经济可持续发展提供科学支持。[方法]基于能值理论构建评价指标和评价体系,分析长三角沿江城市群生态—经济—社会系统的可持续发展态势。[结果] 2017年长三角沿江城市群中29%的城市资源过度开发,外部依赖性强;53%的城市环境负载率低,29.4%的城市环境负载率高;11.7%的城市废弃物循环再生能力低;47%的城市能值交换率低,经济竞争力强;35%的城市能值货币率高,经济产出效率低。上海、苏州单位面积能值密度高,23.5%的城市较低;29.4%的城市人均能值福利低;17.6%的城市人口负载率高;41.2%的沿江城市呈可持续发展态势,58.8%的城市呈过度发展态势。[结论] 2017年沿江城市群自给能力、环境压力、生态质量呈现上游城市强、小、优向中游基本协调,下游弱、高、差的渐变态势。上海、苏南城市经济竞争力强,但产出效率低;苏中、皖中地区除省会城市外其他城市竞争力弱;皖南城市经济发展滞后且呈沿江单边孤立发展态势。上海、苏南城市社会可持续发展优,形成人才、资源强吸引同时存在用地短缺问题;苏中城市较均衡并形成弱吸引;除合肥市、铜陵市外,皖中、皖南其他城市发展滞后,缺乏有效吸引。沿江城市群整体可持续发展态势严峻。     

农药自动混药装置的研究现状与展望

目前,我国农作物病虫害防治主要依靠施用农药,现有的大多数农药剂型需要加水稀释,配制成一定浓度后再施用。近年,我国农业航空迅速发展,对农业航空的智能化农业机械装备的需求变得非常迫切。系统总结了农药自动混药装置类型以及农药自动混药装置特点,通过对农药自动混药装置研究发展概况分析,阐明了国内农药自动混药装置所存在的问题,展望未来农药混药装置的发展趋势,为后续的研究方向奠定基础。     

粉红香水月季花香成分分析及在城市园林中的应用

粉红香水月季为著名的古老藤本月季,前期引种发现,粉红香水月季在上海具有良好的适应性。为进一步开发利用,本研究主要对其芳香性开展研究。采用搅拌子吸附萃取脱附结合气相色谱质谱技术提取和分析鲜花花瓣中的香气成分。结果显示,粉红香水月季的主要香气成分为3,5-二甲氧基甲苯,其次为3-乙酸叶醇酯、石竹烯、香叶醇等。香气类型为以3,5-二甲氧基甲苯为代表的茶香型,香气偏清韵。同时,3,5-二甲氧基甲苯具有独特的镇定安神效果。粉红香水月季在观赏园林和保健园林的景观营造中具广阔应用前景。     

设施畜牧业关键技术研究态势分析

[目的/意义]目前中国畜牧业正处于加快转型的重要时期,了解相关技术的发展态势对于畜牧业的发展具有一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]本文以设施畜牧业领域技术研发的3个主要方向：笼舍技术、饲喂饮水技术和环境控制技术的相关专利为研究对象,利用专利计量的方法对其发展趋势、技术分支、申请人、各阶段重点专利等进行了分析。[结果/结论]笼舍、饲喂饮水和环境控制技术发展同步经历了萌芽期、波动发展期、快速发展期3个阶段,当前申请量呈现直线上升的态势;技术研发主体以企业为主,各研发单位之间技术布局差异性明显;近些年重点专利中的国内专利明显增多;笼舍技术方面装置研发均侧重于粪尿清除、垫板等技术;饲喂饮水技术方面饲喂技术的研究多于饮水技术,且均侧重于研发自动化设备;环境控制技术侧重于废弃物处理技术、空气调节技术和房舍清洁刷洗技术。     

北京市昌平区统筹城乡区域发展研究

北京市昌平区通过大力实施乡村振兴战略,深入推进城乡区域协调发展,在城乡基本公共服务发展、产业发展、乡村治理、人才队伍建设等方面取得了一定进展.但同时也存在产业发展缓慢、人才力量不足等问题,为此,提出推动城乡基本公共服务均衡发展,多措并举加快乡村产业发展,创新和完善乡村治理机制,促进实用人才培养等四个方面的建议.     

生态公共服务视野下城市森林生态-经济系统的协同机理研究

在生态公共服务视野下,尽管当前我国的城市森林发展较为迅速,但对其森林生态经济系统的协同机理研究仍然还是一个新课题。本文结合海南国际旅游岛建设的相关实践,从治理机制、市场机制、利益分配机制、合作机制、扶持机制5个方面,对海南城市森林进行研究,以促进海南城市森林资源的优化利用和社会经济的可持续发展。