双孢蘑菇性亲和性相关分子标记的初步筛选

以传统的形态，生理生化分析和最新的DCS－PDMA性亲和性测定方法为基础， 结合群体分离分析和RAPD技术来源于同一双孢蘑菇异核体菌株的12个不育同核原生质体个体进行分析，筛选与性亲和性相关的分子标记。研究结果表明，供试的12个不育同核原生质体个体被分成两大类性亲和性类型，其中一类（A^ ）包括不育同核原生质体个体B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、L，另一类（A^-）则仅仅包括不育同核原生质体个体K和M，同时筛选到一个与性亲和性相关的分子标记OPA16 1500。从而为间地利用双孢蘑菇本身特有的交配型作标记来指导杂交育种工作和进一步将性亲和性基因定位分离克隆奠定了坚实的基础。     

抗白叶枯病籼稻DV_(85)在籼粳交中的遗传表现

抗白叶枯病籼稻品种DV_(85)与粳型广亲和系的亲和性较差。抗性基因在F_2代的分离,经卡平方测验,其抗感分离比显著偏离正常值,为异常分离。相关性分析显示这种异常分离与结实率、穗长、每穗粒数和千粒重无关。本文就籼粳杂交的配组形式和不同生育阶段对抗性基因分离的影响也进行了分析讨论。     

EFFECT OF MICRO-GALLIUM ON THE INTERGRANULAR SEGREGATINN OF PHOSPHORUS IN CARBON STEELS

The effect of small amounts of gallium on the intergranular segregation of phosphorus in carbon steels is discussed, with the help of the impact test, fracture morphology and micro-structure analyses, combined with composition analysis on the fracture surfaces by Auger electronspectrometer. The results show that gallium in the steel with a content of gallium more than ten thou-sandth can suppress, to some extent, the intergranular segregation of phosphorus and retard the tempering process. As a result, the temper embrittlement of the steel disappears and the embrittlement transition temperature declines.     

Further contributions to the genetic aspect of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatians

Sensorineural deafness is a common congenital disorder in Dalmatians and is genetically transmitted. Different modes of inheritance have been proposed and the objective of this study was to study these by segregation analyses using maximum likelihood procedures. Data from 33 complete Dalmatian families were collected and data from 56 single Dalmatians added. This resulted in a total of 575 dogs with 357 known phenotypes. All dogs were clinically evaluated and electrophysiologically tested with brainstem auditory evoked responses.The prevalence of deafness was 16.5% (9.4% unilaterally deaf, 7.1% bilaterally deaf). Females were 4.4% more affected than males but this difference was not significant. Within the same litter, different phenotypic expressions of deafness occurred, which suggested different expressions of the disease. In addition, two data sets were analysed: the first included normal, uni- and bilaterally deaf dogs, the second had normal and deaf Dalmatians. We found that a recessive allele at a single biallelic major locus fitted our data best, although an incomplete penetrance of the recessive homozygotes was observed.     

Genome-wide search for segregation distortion loci associated with the expression of complex traits in Populus tomentosa

Segregation distortion of molecular markers has been reported in a broad range of organisms. It has been detected in an interspecific BC1 Populus pedigree established by controlled crossing between clone “LM50” (Populus tomentosa) and its hybrid clone “TB01” (P. tomentosa×P. bolleana). The study with a total of 150 AFLP markers (approximately 18.9% of the total loci) exhibited significant deviation from the Mendelian ratio (1:1) (p<0.01). Twenty-five percent of the markers were mapped on the pa-rental specific genetic linkage maps of clones “LM50” and “TB01” with a pseudo-test-cross mapping strategy. Twelve linkage groups had markers with skewed segregation ratios, but the major regions were on linkage groups TLG2, TLG4 and TLG6 in the linkage map of clone “LM50”. We also analyzed the association between distorted loci and expression of complex traits with Map-maker/QTL software. A total of 16 putative QTLs affecting 12 traits were identified in the distorted regions on seven linkage groups. Therefore we could detect the distribution of skewed loci along the entire genome and identify the association between quantitative traits and segregation loci via genetic mapping in an interspecific BC1 P. tomentosa family. Furthermore, the genetic nature and pos-sible causes of these segregation distortions for differentiation between female and male parents were also discussed.     

基于Maize6H-60K芯片精准分型的玉米DH群体遗传规律研究

为解析玉米双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)群体的遗传规律,使用自主研发的精准分型策略对‘先玉335’DH群体的Maize6H-60K芯片结果进行筛选校正和解析。结果表明:1)通过剔除单态、杂合、缺失标记,使用精准分型策略对标记准确聚类,获得的18 947个SNPs标记覆盖玉米全基因组。2)该群体在10条染色体上平均交换次数为1.84~1.03次,在6号染色体随体区域的交换次数显著减少。3)该群体在1、2、3、8号染色体上存在明显的偏分离现象;通过高频次、高密度的交换,染色体两臂端粒区域理论分离系数表现出回归到50%的趋势。利用获得的重组交换及分离规律可提高从DH群体中筛选到预期育种材料的准确性。     

白菜基因组导入芥菜的远缘杂交及后代分离偏向性

【目的】研究远缘杂交将结球白菜的A基因组导入包心芥菜,利用高分辨率熔解曲线(high-resolution melting, HRM)结合InDel标记辅助选择技术,筛选出保留白菜基因较多的回交后代,改良包心芥的结球性,丰富包心芥菜的种质资源。【方法】利用幼胚培养技术辅助6份包心芥菜与2份结球白菜进行远缘杂交和回交,选取20个InDel标记追踪白菜A基因组全部染色体,从192的BC₁单株中筛选出白菜A基因组标记占比较高的单株。田间调查筛选结球性近似结球白菜的单株。【结果】远缘杂交结合幼胚培养获得了9个种间杂种组合和14个BC₁群体。筛选并获得203个在全基因组分布均匀的可区分白菜与芥菜的HRM-InDel标记;利用20个InDel标记追踪192株BC₁单株的白菜基因,分离群体偏向传递白菜基因组,有54棵单株标记含量超过90%。【结论】幼胚培养技术可提高白菜与芥菜远缘杂交后回交的结实率,并可加快育种进程;筛选出了白菜基因组占比较高的组合和单株;分离群体明显偏向于传递白菜基因。     

源宝占抗稻瘟病遗传分析及基因定位

稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一,严重威胁着粮食安全。解决这一问题最安全、有效的措施是选育、推广抗 病品种。源宝占是一份新育水稻材料,经鉴定,源宝占对来自广东各稻作区的25 个菌株中23 个表现为抗性,抗频达 92%,为广谱抗性材料。以源宝占与粤香占进行杂交,构建F1、F2群体,选用GD00-193a 菌株对亲本及世代群体进行 接种鉴定,结果表明F2代单株抗感分离比符合3颐1,这说明源宝占对菌株GD00-193a 的抗性是由一对显性基因或一 个主效QTL 控制。利用群体分离分析法（BSA）结合隐性群体分析法（RCA）将此基因定位于标记RM136 与RM549 之 间。 [2009]356 号）;广东省科技计划项目     

Detecting and estimating segregation distortion and linkage between glufosinate tolerance and blackleg resistance in Brassica napus L.

Summary The segregation and linkage between glufosinate (transgenes ‘Rf3’ and ‘T177’) and blackleg resistance genes in canola (Brassica napus L.) were assessed using F₁ microspore-derived doubled haploid (DH) populations from four crosses including reciprocals, two involving the transgene ‘Rf3’ and the other two involving the transgene ‘T177’. To relax the assumption of no segregation distortion required for the conventional analysis of segregation and linkage, we employed Bailey's analysis that allows detecting segregation distortion at linked loci. The significant departures from the 1:1 segregation were detected in the crosses involving the transgene ‘T177’ but not in the crosses involving the transgene ‘Rf3’. The apparent deficit of the herbicide tolerant DH lines in the crosses with the transgene ‘T177’ is likely due to differential selection against the gametes carrying ‘T177’ during microspore culture. The linkage was strong between blackleg resistance and the transgene ‘Rf3’ but weak or absent between blackleg resistance and the transgene ‘T177’, suggesting that the two transgenes are probably inserted into distant regions of the genome. The observed linkage offers an opportunity to develop new canola cultivars with both glufosinate tolerance conferred by transgene ‘Rf3’ and blackleg resistance.