白菜基因组导入芥菜的远缘杂交及后代分离偏向性

【目的】研究远缘杂交将结球白菜的A基因组导入包心芥菜,利用高分辨率熔解曲线(high-resolution melting, HRM)结合InDel标记辅助选择技术,筛选出保留白菜基因较多的回交后代,改良包心芥的结球性,丰富包心芥菜的种质资源。【方法】利用幼胚培养技术辅助6份包心芥菜与2份结球白菜进行远缘杂交和回交,选取20个InDel标记追踪白菜A基因组全部染色体,从192的BC₁单株中筛选出白菜A基因组标记占比较高的单株。田间调查筛选结球性近似结球白菜的单株。【结果】远缘杂交结合幼胚培养获得了9个种间杂种组合和14个BC₁群体。筛选并获得203个在全基因组分布均匀的可区分白菜与芥菜的HRM-InDel标记;利用20个InDel标记追踪192株BC₁单株的白菜基因,分离群体偏向传递白菜基因组,有54棵单株标记含量超过90%。【结论】幼胚培养技术可提高白菜与芥菜远缘杂交后回交的结实率,并可加快育种进程;筛选出了白菜基因组占比较高的组合和单株;分离群体明显偏向于传递白菜基因。

Segregation Distortion of Progeny of Distant Hybridization of Brassica juncea Introduced into Chinese Cabbage Genome

【Objective】 Introduce the A genome of Chinese cabbage into core mustard by distant hybridization, and use high-resolution melting curve (HRM) combined with InDel marker-assisted selection technology to screen out the most preserved cabbage Crossing offspring, with a view to improving the nodularity of core mustard and enriching the germplasm resources of core mustard.【Methods】 Using immature embryo culture technology to assist 6 servings of core mustard and 2 servings of Chinese cabbage for distant hybridization and backcrossing, 20 InDel markers were selected to track all chromosomes of the Chinese cabbage A genome, and screened from the 192 BC₁ single plants, the single plants with a high percentage of Chinese cabbage A genome markers. Furthermore, through field investigations, single plants with similar heading to cabbage were selected for further research.【Results】 Nine interspecific hybrid combinations and 14 BC₁ populations were obtained by remote hybridization combined with immature embryo culture. 203 HRM-InDel markers that can be uniformly distributed throughout the genome to distinguish between cabbage and core mustard were screened and obtained; 20 InDel markers were used to track the cabbage genes of 192 BC₁ single plants. The mark content exceeds 90%, which accumulates materials for further research work.【Conclusion】 Immature embryo culture technology can improve the seed setting rate of the backcross of Chinese cabbage and core mustard, and can speed up the breeding process; the combination and single plant with a high proportion of Chinese cabbage genome were selected; the study found that the isolated population was significantly biased towards transmission Cabbage gene.