牙鲆盾纤毛虫病的药物防治试验

试验结果表明:CH3OH(>400.0×10-6)和CuSO4(淡水条件下)对牙鲆盾纤毛虫病有较好的杀除效果;结合使用中草药"盾纤虫清"能彻底治愈此病。淡水浸泡、H2O2、KMnO4等方法可杀死牙鲆体内盾纤毛虫。     

添喂不同剂量气溶胶OT对绵羊采食、瘤胃原虫和细菌数量的影响

选取4只2岁龄、体重约50kg、装置了永久性瘤胃瘘管的小尾寒羊公羊,采取4×4拉丁方设计,在粗料型和精料型日粮条件下给绵羊添喂气溶胶OT(0,0.4,0.8,4.0g/kg日粮),以研究不同剂量气溶胶OT对绵羊采食、瘤胃原虫和细菌数量的影响。结果表明,添喂气溶胶OT 0.4,0.8,4.0g/kg日粮,在粗料型日粮条件下绵羊的自由采食量分别提高13.2%(P0.01),30.7%(P0.01)和-5.3%(P0.01),瘤胃原虫数量分别减少33.9%(P0.01),54.2%(P0.01)和86.3%(P0.01),细菌总数分别增加33.6%(P0.01),46.9%(P0.01)和-23.5%(P0.01);在精料型日粮条件下绵羊的自由采食量分别提高7.1%(P0.01),16.3%(P0.01)和-5.6%(P0.01),瘤胃原虫数量分别减少30.1%(P0.01),56.2%(P0.01)和89.0%(P0.01),细菌总数分别增加44.7%(P0.01),59.4%(P0.01)和-19.8%(P0.01)。本研究表明,添喂适量的气溶胶OT可以同时减少绵羊瘤胃原虫数量和增加细菌总数,提高绵羊采食量。     

ISCA对瘤胃原虫和微生物蛋白质含量及氨基酸组成的影响

在6只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊上，观察了一种含铵的工业废液（ISCA）作为非蛋白氮饲料对瘤胃蛋白南代射的影响。采用自身对照，测定添喂ISCA前后瘤胃原虫、微生物细胞蛋白质含量和它们的氨基酸组成，并对血液及瘤胃内的一些理化指标进行了监测。结果表明，日添喂40ml ISCA，羊体温、呼吸、心率、血液细胞计数，血液和瘤胃内的氨氮、瘤胃pH等指标均在正常生理范围内变动；瘤胃液中的细菌和原虫的密度增加，菌体和虫体的蛋白质含量显著增高，且蛋白质组成中的必需氨基酸的比例升高。结果提示：ISCA对瘤胃内环境及机体无不良影响，能促进瘤胃内生物蛋白质的合成，并使蛋白质的生物利用价值升高。     

海藻酸钠固定化微生物处理淡水水产养殖废水可行性研究

通过海藻酸钠固定化微生物小球对淡水养殖废水中活性磷、氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝氮、化学需氧量质量浓度的影响,研究海藻酸钠固定化微生物处理淡水养殖废水的可行性。结果显示,海藻酸钠小球在养殖废水中极易溶解,不仅造成水体浑浊,且原生动物等可能以海藻酸钠为营养基而大量繁殖,进而导致水体缺氧,化学需氧量、氨氮等质量浓度不降反升,固定化微生物对废水的净化作用则难以显现。由此可见,以海藻酸钠为材料进行微生物固定化不适用于淡水养殖废水的净化处理。     

Prevalence of encysted apicomplexans in muscles of raptors

An acid–pepsin digestion technique was used to examine portions of breast muscle and heart from raptors for encysted protozoans. Apicomplexan zoites were present in 52 (45.6%) of the 114 samples examined: 11 of 12 (91.7%) red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), 20 of 34 (58.8%) red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), two of seven (28.6%) Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperi), three of four (75%) sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus), one (100%) Mississippi kites (Ictinia misisippiensis), one of two (50%) American kestrels (Falco sparverius), one bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), one of two (50%) golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), one of three (33%) turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), two of three (66.7%) black vultures (Coragyps atratus), three of six (50%) great-horned owls (Bubo virginianus), five of 15 (33.3%) barred owls (Strix varia), and one of 12 (8.3%) screech owls (Asio otus). Encysted protozoans were not observed in digests of tissues from three broad-winged hawks (Buteo platypterus), four ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), and five barn owls (Tyto alba). Apicomplexan cysts resembling Sarcocystis species were observed in tissue sections of muscles from 28 (37.8%) of 74 raptors.