稻瘿蚊间歇性暴发原因和治理对策探讨

通过多年的系统调查和观察,明确了稻瘿蚊发生具有间歇性、隐蔽性、暴发性、毁灭性和专一性等5个特点,分析了其在大田县间歇大发生有5个方面的因素。防治上提出农业防治可采取“铲”、“避”、“改”等方法,化学防治应选用具有强触杀、强渗透力药剂,采用毒土法施药技术。     

中国草地贪夜蛾的防控策略

草地贪夜蛾2019年已经在中国南方和周边国家的热带、南亚热带地区完成定殖过程。自2020年起,将在春、夏两季随季风向北逐代迁移进入中国长江流域、黄河流域和东北小麦、玉米等重要农作物主产区发生为害,形成对国家粮食生产安全的长期性威胁。作者基于对草地贪夜蛾生物学习性和发生规律的认识,借鉴中国棉铃虫等重大农业害虫防控的经验教训,提出了中国草地贪夜蛾防控工作"两步走"策略。在近年内,实施以化学防治、物理防治、生物防治和农业防治为主的综合防治技术体系,旨在解决短期内生产上草地贪夜蛾为害的应急管控问题。然后通过现代农业信息技术和生物技术的创新与应用,力争在3～5年的时间内构建和实施以精准监测预警、迁飞高效阻截和种植Bt玉米为核心的综合防治技术体系,实现低成本、绿色可持续控制目标,满足中国农业生产高质量发展和社会生态文明建设的战略性需求。     

新冠肺炎疫情与猪肉价格波动初探

基于2020年3月-2020年10月猪肉价格及新冠肺炎疫情指数,借助VAR模型,定量研究新冠肺炎疫情对于猪肉价格的影响。研究结果表明:新冠肺炎疫情对猪肉价格存在影响,促使猪肉价格上涨,在此基础上文章提出相应措施。     

蓖麻枯萎病主要发生规律的研究

主要对蓖麻枯萎病的初侵染源和影响蓖麻枯萎病的主要因子进行了研究,初步明确了土壤、病残体、种子和有机肥是蓖麻枯萎病的主要初侵染源,轮作、不同生育期、湿度、品种和前茬作物等是影响蓖麻枯萎病发生的主要因子。     

Population dynamics of tree species in southern Quebec,Canada: 1970–2005

Over the last few decades, several phenomena contributed to modify the structure and composition of the eastern North American forests. Along with forest management, disturbances such as insect defoliation, global environmental changes, acid deposition, and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, have been identified as phenomena that could affect forest structure and composition. Currently, there is very little quantitative information on the resulting effect of multiple disturbances on the main parameters of forest dynamics (growth, mortality, and recruitment). Using available data from the Quebec permanent sample plots network, we analyzed the ecological response of tree species populations to the combined effect of contemporary global environmental changes, disturbance regimes, and forest management practices over the last 30 years in southern Quebec. The results indicate that the main parameters of forest dynamics changed considerably over the last three decades. The last spruce budworm outbreak initiated a successional change in coniferous stands. The basal area of Abies balsamea and Picea glauca, the most abundant coniferous species, decreased by 29.7%, while pioneer species abundance increased. For late successional deciduous species, observed changes in forest dynamics appear to be mainly associated with global environmental changes rather than with natural disturbances or forest harvesting. The results indicate that inferring responses of tree population dynamics to global environmental changes can be very complex or even misleading considering the confounding effects of other disturbance agents. The results also suggest that the ecosystem-based management approach promoted by forest ecologists, aimed at maintaining landscape stand composition and structures similar to those characterizing natural environments, will not be easily achieved. Forest ecosystems are highly dynamic and disturbances other than tree harvesting appear to have been the major factors affecting their pattern of change over the last three decades. Forest managers should consider adaptive management approaches that will consider the contemporary evolution of forest ecosystems in a changing environment.     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

杉木炭疽病发生的预测模型

本文应用数量化理论I原理建立杉木炭疽病发生的预测模型，结果表明，杉木炭疽病发病率同海拔、坡向、坡位、土层厚度、林龄和质地有大或较大的相关；杉木炭疽病感染指数同坡向、坡位、海拔、质地、紧密度和土层厚度有大或较大的相关。     

马尾松褐斑病调查研究初报

松针褐斑病是马尾松的一种新的病害。调查发现在发病严重的湿地松林下及林缘的马尾松幼树已普遍感染松针褐斑病，发病率达６７．１％，个别发病严重的植株已濒临死亡。而在马尾松纯林调查中未发现马尾松褐斑病。马尾松褐斑病发生规律是春季为发病盛期，秋季为新叶发病期；病菌潜育期比湿地松上长一个月以上，病菌子实体产生的数量也比湿地松上产生的数量少的多。可见，马尾松是抗褐斑病较强的树种。     

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak Investigation: Application of the FAO‐OIE‐WHO Four‐way Linking Framework in Indonesia

WHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives.