不同来源吸附载体大豆糖蜜对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响

为考察不同来源吸附载体大豆糖蜜对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,选用3头年龄相同(3胎次)、体重相近[(500±50)kg]且安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,分别饲喂基础日粮、豆皮糖蜜和麸皮糖蜜日粮。结果表明,豆皮糖蜜组和麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃pH均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),而豆皮糖蜜组和麸皮糖蜜组之间瘤胃pH没有显著差异(P0.05);麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃NH_3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),但与豆皮糖蜜组没有显著差异(P0.05);各处理间奶牛瘤胃各单个挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid,VFA,包括乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸)浓度、总VFA浓度和乙丙比均没有显著差异(P0.05);但与对照组相比,豆皮糖蜜组瘤胃总VFA浓度有降低趋势;而麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃总VFA浓度有提高趋势。结果显示,在奶牛饲料中可用豆皮糖蜜替代15%玉米以及用麸皮糖蜜替代6%玉米和10%麸皮,均具有调控瘤胃稳衡的作用,且麸皮糖蜜替代效果优于豆皮糖蜜。     

影响甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖条件的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为原料,发酵合成茁霉多糖发酵的初始条件。以生物量和多糖产量为依据,在确定以甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖的初始发酵培养基的基础上,研究影响甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖条件的因素。研究结果表明,以甘蔗糖蜜为原料发酵合成茁霉多糖的生物合成条件是:接种量为15%,发酵温度为30℃,在充足供氧条件下的发酵时间为144h。     

固定化酵母细胞糖蜜酒精连续发酵的研究

本文报道采用海藻酸钙作载体固定酵母活细胞用于糖蜜酒精连续发酵的研究。结果表明:在发酵液中加人研制的微量 MG 稳定剂,可显著提高载体的稳定性。固定化酵母细胞可连续正常使用6个月以上。在温度30—33℃,pH4—5,糖浓度16％～19％(W/V)发酵条件下,每升固定化酵母细胞每小时可产酒精24～25g;固定化酵母细胞分批和连续发酵,分别比传统的游离酵母分批发酵效率提高24％和8倍以上。     

Accumulation and Mobility of Salts in Soil as Influenced by Primary Biomethanated Spentwash

A soil column laboratory experiment was carried out at the central campus, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, India during 2008–2009 to study the accumulation and mobility of salts in Typic Haplusterts as influenced by primary biomethanated spentwash (PBSW). The PBSW was applied in three different levels (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm) and then tap water with low salinity and low sodium hazard (C₁S₁ class) was used to carry out leaching in four different levels of water at the pore volume of soil (WPVS) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). The electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil increased significantly with increasing levels of PBSW and decreased with increasing levels of WPVS in surface (0–15 cm deep) and subsurface (15–30 cm deep) soil layers. The exchangeable calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and potassium (K⁺) increased, whereas exchangeable sodium (Na⁺) decreased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in surface and subsurface layers of soil. The organic carbon content increased with increasing levels of PBSW and decreased with increasing levels of WPVS in both the soil layers. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the soil layers. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS over the initial values of soil in both the layers. The pH of saturated paste (pHs) was reduced and electrical conductivity of extract (ECe) was increased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the layers. The Na⁺ content of saturation paste extract increased significantly with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the soil layers.     

Innovative liquid formulation of digestates for producing a biofertilizer based on Bacillus siamensis: Field testing on sweet pepper

A biofertilizer (BF) based on the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus siamensis was produced using anaerobic digestate (AD) as the main ingredient of the growth medium, alongside a carbon source from residual origin. The use of residues for the growth of PGPR reduces the production costs of biofertilizers, but makes an assessment of the possible toxicity of residues for the bacteria or plants necessary. Therefore, the growth medium of PGPR was first optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM), followed by phytotoxicity tests and a field trial of the BF in a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crop at two different locations. AD at 50% dilution, supplemented with 2.3% sugar beet molasses, was the optimum growth medium for producing the BF, with a bacterial concentration of 10⁹ cfu mL⁻¹. In the field trial, the treatments inoculated with BF and fertilized with decreased mineral N (80%) produced significantly better yields per ha than the controls with decreased N (80%) and full N (100%) without BF. This indicates improved efficiency of N use by the crop, as a consequence of the use of BF.     

糖蜜对不同比例干稻草和王草混合青贮品质的影响

为探究添加糖蜜对不同比例干稻草和王草混合青贮品质的影响,试验设定四个不同比例干稻草和王草混合,添加干稻草比例分别为0%（T1组）、10%（T2组）、20%（T3组）、30%（T4组）,并分别对青贮料做无添加处理和糖蜜添加处理。结果表明：随着稻草比例的增加,粗蛋白质（P < 0.001）、粗脂肪（P < 0.05）呈下降趋势,T4组分别下降19%和16%,中性洗涤纤维提高7%（P < 0.05）、酸性洗涤纤维提高20%（P < 0.001）、粗灰分提高10%（P < 0.001）,pH（P < 0.001）显著提高,其体外培养后的pH、干物质消化率、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸无显著改变。添加糖蜜显著改善了干稻草和王草青贮的发酵品质, pH和中性洗涤纤维含量显著降低（P ＜ 0.001）,中性洗涤纤维含量最高降低了11%,体外培养的产气提高了38%（P < 0.001）,改善了青贮料的瘤胃降解率。综上所述,以30%稻草混合70%王草青贮效果较好,并且添加2%糖蜜能提升发酵品质和瘤胃降解率,有助于改善混合青贮综合利用率。 [关键词] 王草|干稻草|糖蜜|青贮|发酵品质     

酒精废液清洁处理技术评析

通过系统介绍国内外糖蜜酒精废液的处理技术和工艺,对排灌法、浓缩焚烧法、生物氧化法和活性腐植酸法等糖蜜酒精废液处理方法的优缺点进行分析对比,推荐了适合我国区域经济发展的活性腐植酸法。     

糖蜜和农副产品复合添加物对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

研究了不同添加量的糖蜜(0%、5%、10%)和稻草、麸皮、米糠复合添加物对新鲜苜蓿青贮品质的影响.结果表明,添加糖蜜明显改善了青贮饲料的感官品质,提高了粗蛋白质和乳酸含,降低了铵态氮和总氮的比值以及饲料的pH值,添加5%糖蜜组、10%糖蜜组的各项指标与不加糖蜜组(0%)相比,差异极显著(P《0.01);添加糖蜜后挥发性脂肪酸的含量也均下降,但3个试验组之间差异不显著(P》0.05):添加5%、10%糖蜜组之间的平均乳酸含量、平均pH值差异极显著(P《0.01),其他各项指标无显著差异;添加糖蜜后,同麸皮、米糠相比,添加稻草极显著地提高了青贮饲料的乳酸含量、降低了pH值(P《0.01);不加糖蜜时不同的添加物则无显著差异,水分含量影响青贮饲料的品质,农副产品添加量大时,青贮效果较好.     

糖蜜酒精废液处理过程中生成的微生物蛋白的最佳水解条件研究

通过实验选择复合蛋白酶水解糖蜜酒精废液处理过程中生成的微生物蛋白,并通过正交试验分析得到最佳水解条件为水解酶加入量5.5g/150mL,水解温度65℃,pH值5和水解时间5h。