Y型网式过滤器堵塞过程对有机肥浓度的响应研究

为研究水肥一体化设备中用于过滤有机肥的Y型网式过滤器的堵塞规律,对Y型网式过滤器在初始流量500 L/h、水源压力117.6 k Pa下,设置25、30、40、50 g/L共4种黄腐酸钾有机肥肥液质量浓度,进行了过滤器堵塞试验,分析了Y型网式过滤器的局部水头损失与单个滤孔滤网清洁度(单个滤孔有效过水断面面积与孔隙总面积比值) S/S0的关系,并利用XRD分析了过滤器内堵塞物质的成分。结果表明:肥液质量浓度对过滤器滤网清洁度影响显著,建议肥液质量浓度不超过40 g/L;过滤器局部水头损失在S/S0减小到10%后才逐渐开始增大,过滤器局部水头损失与滤网清洁度、肥液质量浓度有关,利用多项式拟合给出了过滤器滤网清洁度与肥液质量浓度、施肥持续时间的关系式及局部水头损失与肥液质量浓度、滤网清洁度的关系式;滤网堵塞物质主要成分为硫酸钙、草酸钙。本研究结果可为水肥一体化设备中过滤器的选择提供理论参考。     

基于自适应滤波算法的树木年轮测量方法

为提高树木年轮测量仪的测量精度,提出了一种自适应低通滤波算法对年轮测量仪的直流电机电流信号进行滤波处理。普通低通滤波算法滤波系数固定,当树木年轮宽度发生变化时,既可能保留了部分噪声信号,又可能滤去部分有效的树木年轮信号,因此降低了年轮测量仪的测量精度。自适应低通滤波算法的滤波系数可随滤波器输入值和输出值的变化自动进行调整,提高了噪声滤除效果,减少了有效信号损失。使用自主研发的年轮测量仪测量了大、中、小3种径阶的60个落叶松圆盘,记录直流电机原始电流信号,分别采用自适应低通滤波算法和普通低通滤波算法对原始电流进行滤波处理,根据滤波后的电流波形图,预估圆盘年龄,并计算2种滤波算法的年轮识别正确率。结果表明,自适应低通滤波器年轮识别正确率的平均值为89. 66%,普通低通滤波器年轮识别正确率的平均值为75. 84%;当平均年轮宽度变窄时,自适应低通滤波器的年轮识别正确率从95. 61%下降到82. 02%,下降了13. 59个百分点,而普通低通滤波器的年轮识别正确率从86. 37%下降到62. 30%,下降了24. 07个百分点。表明自适应低通滤波器年轮识别正确率高,自适应能力强,年轮识别精度稳定。     

饱和度及干密度对弱膨胀土土水特征曲线影响

采用滤纸法测量不同干密度下试样的总吸力与基质吸力,并绘制相应的土水特征曲线,分析饱和度与干密度对土水特征曲线的影响.实验结果表明:在饱和度一定时,总吸力与基质吸力均随干密度的增大而增大;随饱和度增大,不同干密度的总吸力差值和基质吸力差值逐渐减小;另外,试样的排水速率随饱和度的增大而减小,且干密度越大,排水速率越慢.在较低含水率时,试样的总吸力和基质吸力随干密度的增大而增大,随含水率的增大,干密度对总吸力和基质吸力的影响逐渐弱化.     

Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum in reared mullets: first evidence from Sardinia (Italy)

Mycobacterium marinum is a slow‐growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterium, and it is considered the most common aetiologic agent of mycobacteriosis in wild and cultured fish. The diagnosis is principally made by histology when positive Ziehl–Neelsen stain granulomas are detected. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in extensively cultured Mugilidae of two lagoons (Cabras and San Teodoro) from Sardinia by the use of histology, microbiology, PCR and DNA sequencing. Nine of 106 mullets examined were affected by mycobacteriosis, and the spleen was the most affected organ. The histology detected higher rate (100%) of infection in spleen than the culture and PCR (75% and 62.5%, respectively). The sequencing of hsp65 gene identified M. marinum as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in the mullets examined. Mullets affected by mycobacteriosis were mainly fished in the San Teodoro lagoon characterized by critical environmental conditions. Histology remains the most common method in detecting fish affected by mycobacteriosis, and PCR‐based methods are essential for species identification. Our finding are worthy of attention because mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum in reared mullets was evidenced for the first time in Sardinia, suggesting that this disease may be underestimated also in other cultured fish species.     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

基于SPC563的DPF控制器底层软件开发

为了满足非道路柴油机国Ⅴ排放法规的要求,以意法半导体公司的SPC563芯片为控制器主芯片,开发用于柴油颗粒过滤器(diesel particulate filter,DPF)控制器的底层软件驱动程序,且AD转换功能、通信功能和掉电固化功能都采用模块化的底层软件开发模式。首先将脉冲宽度调制(pulse wide modulation,PWM)波生成函数封装为接口函数,然后将开发的控制器在发动机台架和整车进行试验。试验结果表明,本系统所开发的DPF控制器底层软件驱动程序能够精准控制DPF喷射阀的喷油量,满足国Ⅴ排放法规的要求。     

大型贯流式泵站快速门加速启动过渡过程

为研究大型贯流式泵站机组闸门加速启动过程中的外特性参数变化及流态变化,对灯泡贯流泵机组进行三维建模,采用Fluent软件中的UDF来控制闸门的启动过程,使用铺层法动网格技术来控制闸门处网格生成与消灭,并设定S-A模型作为湍流模型,对灯泡贯流泵机组启动过程进行瞬态数值模拟.计算结果表明:当贯流泵机组快速门以10倍设计速度启动时,机组的转速与流量将以更快的速度达到额定转速与额定流量,同时瞬间最大倒灌流量相比未加速启动时增加了30%.当贯流泵机组处于倒流状态时,靠近轮毂处叶轮叶道压力面的压强呈现出从叶轮进水边向出水边逐渐递增的分布规律.当机组处于零流量的临界状态时,混乱的流态导致压力集中及脱流现象加重,叶轮进水边负压区范围扩大且程度加深.     

沟槽滤棒压降影响因素的因子分析

[目的]深入研究沟槽滤棒特征参数及组成材料对滤棒压降的影响。[方法]选取常见的8种不同规格的沟槽滤棒及其主要组成材料为分析对象,采用相关性分析与因子分析,开展9个主要特征参数对沟槽滤棒压降的影响程度研究。[结果]试验表明,影响沟槽滤棒压降的特征参数间存在显著或极显著的相关性,相关系数矩阵中特征值大于1.0的前3个成分的累计贡献率达87.502%;由沟槽滤棒压降影响特征参数的旋转因子载荷矩阵得到3个公因子,总结定义后分别是:丝束总质量因子、单丝线密度/纤维素纸物理特性因子、沟槽特征参数因子。[结论]因子分析得出的公因子影响情况与实际沟槽滤棒生产检验过程中出现的情况基本吻合,进一步证实了沟槽滤棒特征参数对滤棒压降影响的准确性。     

Rapid brain MRI protocols result in comparable differential diagnoses versus a full brain protocol in most canine and feline cases

Evaluation of brain disease in veterinary patients uses a wide variety of MRI sequences. A shortened protocol that maintains consistency of interpretation would reduce radiologist reporting time, patient anesthetic time, and client cost. The aims of this retrospective, methods comparison, observer agreement study were to evaluate whether abbreviated MRI protocols alter differential diagnoses and recommendations compared to our institution's standard protocol; evaluate interobserver agreement on standard brain MRIs; and assess whether differential diagnoses change after postcontrast images. Normal and pathologic canine and feline brain MRIs were retrieved from hospital archives. Three protocols were created from each: a 5-sequence noncontrast enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 1 (FBP1); a 6-sequence contrast-enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 2 (FBP2); and an 11-sequence standard brain protocol (SBP). Three blinded veterinary radiologists interpreted FBP images for 98 cases (1 reader/case) and SBP images for 20 cases (3 readers/case). A fourth observer compared these interpretations to the original MRI reports (OMR). Overall agreement between FBPs and OMR was good (k = 0.75) and comparable to interobserver agreement for multiple reviews of SBP cases. Postcontrast images substantially altered conclusions in 17/97 cases (17.5%), as well as improved interobserver agreement compared to noncontrast studies. The conclusions reached with shortened brain protocols were comparable to those of a full brain study. The findings supported the use of a 6-sequence brain MRI protocol (sagittal T2-weighted [T2w] TSE; transverse T2w turbo spin echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo, T1-weighted spin echo, and diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient; and postcontrast transverse T1-weighted spin echo) for dogs and cats with suspected intracranial disease.