MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF PRESUMED CEREBELLAR CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT IN TWELVE DOGS

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of presumed cerebrovascular accident in 12 dogs are described. Fourteen lesions were seen, commonly (11 of 14) within the gray matter of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis. Thirteen lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images (in 11 dogs) and one was hypointense. Eleven of 14 lesions were within the region supplied by the rostral cerebellar artery or one of its main branches and there was no, or minimal, mass effect. Contrast enhancement was only seen in six lesions and was mild in all. Gradient-echo images provided additional information in two dogs. The appearance of infarction in dogs with diffusion-weighted images (DWI) is similar to that in humans, and provided supportive evidence for the diagnosis of infarction in five dogs. The use of gradient-echo and DWI is recommended for the evaluation of suspected cerebrovascular accidents in dogs. Six of the 12 affected animals were spaniels or spaniel crosses, suggesting a possible breed predisposition.     

Visualization of the effect of a surfactant on the uptake of xenobiotics into plant foliage by confocal laser scanning microscopy

A radiolabelling method is generally used to determine the foliar uptake of xenobiotics. This technique cannot provide any information on the localization of chemicals inside leaf tissues. The influence of an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant on the uptake of three fluorescent dyes, difluorofluorescein (hydrophilic), rhodamine B (moderately lipophilic) and a naphthalimide dye (lipophilic), into the leaves of three contrasting species, bean (Vicia faba), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), at 16 h after treatment was measured using a conventional wash‐off method and also visualized in vivo by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Whereas the lipophilic dyes showed greater intrinsic uptake than the hydrophilic one, the enhancing effect of the surfactant on uptake was more pronounced for the latter. CLSM revealed that the presence of the surfactant increased the transport of difluorofluorescein into the epidermal cells of bean and wheat leaves, but not cabbage leaves. Rhodamine B showed greatest transcuticular diffusion in all three species, but most of the dye moved into the vacuole of the epidermal cells. The naphthalimide dye was strongly retained by the wax–cuticle layer of all species, even in the presence of the surfactant. CLSM has proven to be an attractive tool for studying xenobiotic diffusion. The results obtained using fluorescent dyes are believed to be applicable to the foliar uptake of herbicides.     

吉林省冬季温度对美国白蛾扩散的影响及阻止扩散的对策

根据吉林省美国白蛾的发生状况及疫区冬季的实际温度条件,分析了美国白蛾越冬的安全性与扩散的可能性,结果表明:美国白蛾在吉林省未感染区域的冬季气温条件下可以安全越冬,冬季低温不能阻止美国白蛾在吉林境内的进一步扩散;提出了疫区以根除为主、边界区以监控为主、非感染区以保护预防为主的阻止美国白蛾扩散对策。     

利用凝胶扩散法测定刺萼龙葵种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性

β-甘露聚糖酶是种子萌发过程中降解胚乳细胞壁的关键酶,明确其活性的动态变化可为揭示杂草种子的休眠萌发机制提供重要依据。以外来杂草刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum Dunal种子为材料,建立了种子中β-甘露聚糖酶活性的检测方法—凝胶扩散法。利用凝胶扩散法对不同贮存时间及贮存条件下刺萼龙葵种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性进行了检测,发现贮存3年以上的种子中该酶的活性为0.03 nmol/(min·mg),显著低于贮存3年以下的种子中的酶活性0.15 nmol/(min·mg),而湿润冷藏的种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性为0.12 nmol/(min·mg),显著高于干燥冷藏的种子的酶活性0.02 nmol/(min·mg)。实际应用结果表明,凝胶扩散法综合了传统方法的优势,检测特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可同时检测大量种子样品,具有良好的实用性。     

生物炭对黑土区土壤水分扩散与溶质弥散持续效应研究

为探究施用生物炭对黑土区坡耕地土壤水分扩散和溶质弥散的持续效应，于2016—2019年在1.5°、3°、5°的径流小区开展了生物炭持续效应试验，分析了单次施加生物炭对土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质含量、Boltzmann变换参数ξ、非饱和土壤水分扩散率D(θ)、非饱和土壤水动力弥散系数Dsh(θ)的持续作用。结果表明：土壤中单次添加生物炭后的4年内均可显著降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度、增加土壤中有机质含量，且各指标变化率均随坡度增大、施炭年限延长而减小；坡度、年份、是否施用生物炭3个因素中，对土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质含量影响程度最大的均为是否施用生物炭；施用生物炭增大了ξ，且ξ随坡度增加、施炭后年限延长逐年减小。2016—2019年D(θ)与Dsh(θ)均随土壤含水率的增加而迅速增加。当土壤含水率小于等于042cm3/cm3时，生物炭抑制土壤水分扩散；当土壤含水率大于0.42cm3/cm3时，生物炭促进土壤水分扩散。当土壤含水率小于等于0.36cm3/cm3时，生物炭抑制土壤中NaCl溶液的弥散；当土壤含水率大于0.36cm3/cm3时，生物炭可以促进土壤中NaCl溶液的弥散。试验区θ处于0.20~0.35cm3/cm3，故施用生物炭对水分扩散、NaCl溶液弥散均具有抑制效果，且生物炭对水分扩散和溶液弥散抑制效果均随坡度增加、施炭后年限延长而减弱。     

牛角瓜根的抑菌活性研究

以牛角瓜根为实验材料,采用索氏提取法,以4种不同溶剂(石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、甲醇)对牛角瓜的根进行提取,并采用纸片琼脂扩散法对粗提物的抑菌活性进行了评价,供试菌包括白色念珠菌等6种真菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等7种细菌。结果表明:石油醚粗提物对枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌、大肠埃希氏菌都表现出良好的抑菌活性,且抑菌效果接近或优于阳性对照氟康唑,对尖孢镰刀菌和鲍曼不动杆菌也表现出良好的抑菌活性;氯仿粗提物对白色念珠菌及粪链球菌表现出良好的抑菌活性;乙酸乙酯粗提物对粪链球菌表现出最好的抑菌活性;甲醇粗提物的抑菌活性较弱。     

吉林省主要粮食作物生产风险评价

充分认识吉林省主要粮食作物生产面临的风险,为稳定粮食产量和保障国家粮食安全提供参考。以县级行政单元为研究对象,在运用直线滑动平均法对作物单产进行趋势模拟的基础上,运用非参数信息扩散模型对吉林省玉米、水稻和大豆3种主要粮食作物的生产风险进行了评估。结果表明:不同类型作物生产所面临的风险大小不同,单产损失风险从大到小依次为大豆、玉米、水稻;西北部地区县域的风险普遍较大,其次是东南角地区,而中部地区县域的风险相对较小;吉林省玉米、水稻和大豆3种作物单产损失率30%以上的概率较小。     

不同立地类型根灌、滴灌水分扩散规律

为掌握根灌、滴灌在不同立地类型土壤中的水分扩散规律,通过不同灌水梯度试验,采用挖剖面和直观观测法,研究了根灌和滴灌在不同立地类型土壤水分的垂直和水平扩散规律。结果表明:风沙土中根灌、滴灌水分垂直扩散明显小于水平扩散,且灌水时间与扩散速率均呈负相关对数关系。沙质壤土中根灌水分垂直扩散明显小于水平扩散,滴灌则垂直扩散速率大于水平扩散,两者差异不明显;灌水时间与扩散速率呈负相关对数关系。灰棕漠土中根灌初期水分垂直扩散和水平扩散相同,随时间增大,水平扩散速率大于垂直扩散;滴灌则垂直扩散速率大于水平扩散,但两者差异不明显;灌水时间与扩散速率也呈负相关对数关系。总体来看,根灌在不同立地类型土壤中的水分无论垂直扩散速率还是水平扩散速率都表现为:沙质壤土风沙土灰棕漠土;滴灌则无论水平扩散速率还是垂直扩散速率都表现为:灰棕漠土风沙土沙质壤土,两者扩散规律明显不同。     

论思维创新活动的自组织性

从知识社会学意义来看,思维创新活动的社会化过程存在着三个阶段。在潜思维创新阶段存在着社会思维系统内部由新质差别所引起的对常规思维平衡态的偏离即微观涨落。在趋显思维创新阶段,这种思维创新的微观涨落由于处在远离常规思维平衡态的非线性区域而不断得以放大与扩展,形成创新思维"巨涨落",从而推动着创新思维自身系统向新的有序化创新思维系统结构演进。在显思维创新阶段,各种思维创新主体及其思维知识信息相互融合和协同,在新的层次上形成了以新的思维范式为核心的社会创新思维有序化结构即社会创新思维耗散性结构。     

Case- carburization Numerical Modeling and Craft Optimization on Steel Parts of Various Shapes

According to the diffusion equation of carburizing process and its boundary conditionand initial condition, various shapes steel parts are modeled under various case carburize craft parameters, concentration distribution curves have been obtained. Various craft parameters are compared, and carburizing temperature has more influence on carbon concentration distribution. Various shapes steel parts' carbon concentration distribution curves have some difference. According to the carbon concentration distribution curve, craft parameters can be adjusted in order to obtain the best carburizing craft.