菏泽市花生生产现状与发展对策

对菏泽市花生生产现状进行了分析,指出了菏泽市花生生产中主要存在的主要问题①品种退化严重更新慢;②栽培技术落后;③新技术应用推广迟缓;④产业化水平低等.针对现状和问题提出了优化品种结构,推广优良品种、建立良种繁育体系,实现规模化种植,逐渐淘汰老品种;推广高产配套栽培技术;加速科技成果转化;大力推广地膜覆盖、化学除草、配方施肥、种衣剂拌种等新技术;加快花生产业化进程.     

应用近等基因系初步定位粳稻孕穗期的耐冷基因

 在昆明低温冷害条件下对十和田×(十和田5/昆明小白谷BC4F5)的BC5F2群体进行了耐冷性状的遗传研究。结果显示，穗期耐冷性受贡献率较大的基因控制。用平均分布于12条染色体的164个SSR标记对十和田、昆明小白谷、近等基因系池（NILP）进行筛选，在第5染色体长臂末端有2个SSR标记的扩增产物在十和田与昆明小白谷、NILP间有多态性。用这2个多态性标记对群体进行分子标记定位，单向方差分析表明RM31与耐冷基因连锁。再在RM31附近合成12个SSR标记在轮回亲本（RP）、近等基因系（NIL）间进行多态性筛选，只有RM7452有多态性, 单向方差分析表明该标记与耐冷基因连锁。耐冷基因与RM7452、RM31的遗传距离分别为4.8 cM和8.0 cM，主穗结实率能解释表型变异的10.50%；实粒数能解释表型变异的5.10%。暂将这个耐冷基因定名为Ctb(t)。     

催化极谱法测定茶叶中钴

关于钴的测定,已有不少报道,用催化极谱法测定茶叶中的钴,尚未见报道。扫描电压范围为-0.70V到-1.20V,钴的催化极谱峰为-1.14V(VS.SCE),可准确用于定量测定。一、仪器: 1.JP—2型示波极谱仪(成都仪器厂),三电极系统。工作电极为滴汞电极,参比电     

云南地方稻种的多样性及优异种质研究

 以5285余份云南地方稻种资源为研究对象进行云南地方稻种的多样性及优异种质研究。结果表明：（1）云南是中国稻种最大的遗传和生态多样性中心及其天然宝库，不仅性状间多样性存在较大差异，更重要的是地州间的多样性差异也十分明显，云南稻种资源的多样性大致可划分为多样性中心区、多样性扩散区和多样性贫乏区。（2）云南是中国稻种优异种质的富集中心, 云南地方稻种是开展中国稻种资源核心种质研究的最佳材料。（3）以云南地方稻种为研究对象开展云南稻种核心种质库的构建工作，不仅可以构建理想的核心种质库，而且可以明确核心种质的系统发生规律和建立优异核心种质动态基因库     

铁丝悬索式温室

目前生产中普遍使用的温室,多为钢管、圆钢或竹木等“刚性”材料修建或装配而成的。其结构造价较高,约为1.7～17.0元/m~2,往往影响到经济基础较差的地区,如新型工矿区蔬菜基地蔬菜生产的发展。1986年,我们利用普通8~#和10~#铁丝,采用悬索结构原理,修建了一栋120m~2悬索式屋脊型塑料中棚,和一栋180m~2悬索式单坡面简易塑料温室,其结构造价只有0.7元/m~2左右。经过4年来生产实验证明,利用铁丝悬索式结构,可以设计和建造覆盖面积为120～180m~2的小型温室,非常适合农村包产到户分散经     

基于CAN总线的谷物产量快速计量系统研发

It depended on the spatial and temporal variation of soil and grain yield to implement precision agriculture.Grain yield monitoring on combine harvester was a cornerstone of precision fertilization.The intelligent grain yield monitoring system with the sensors and DGPS (differential global positioning system), which was loaded on the combine harvester, could get the different blocks’ yield and produce the yield map.In this study, a new grain yield monitoring system based on CAN bus technology was developed.The system consisted of sensor unit, data acquisition unit, GPS module and LCD (liquid crystal display) terminal.The grain yield data were collected by the grain flow sensor, and processed by the signal condition circuit.And then the grain yield data and GPS signal were transmitted to the control unit by CAN bus.With the algorithm of grain yield conversion, all the collected data including real-time grain yield, harvest area and average grain yield were displayed on the LCD terminal.Flow sensor unit included grain yield flow sensor, force impact plate and mounting bracket.The sensor frame was mounted at the top of clean grain elevator of combine harvester.When the elevator paddles rotated around the sprocket, grain was propelled towards a flat impact plate.As grain momentum was lost in the subsequent collision with the impact plate, an effective force was measured by the impact parallel-beam load cell.Along with the calibration relationship between measured force and mass flow rate, the output of the impact parallel-beam load cell could indicate the flow rate of grain yield.Data acquisition unit included power conversion circuit, sensor signal acquisition circuit, analog-to-digital conversion circuit and CAN communication circuit.It could fulfill data acquisition function, CAN communication function and interrupt handling function.LCD terminal had the function of sensor detection, the function of GPS information collection, parameter calibration, data display and storage.It could display the real-time grain yield, total yield, average yield and harvest area.In order to evaluate the grain yield monitoring system, 3 experiments which included static performance experiment of grain yield flow sensor, platform test experiment of grain yield monitoring system and dynamic performance experiment on combine harvester were carried out.The result of platform test experiment showed that the system error between predicted yield and measured yield was less than 3% and the system could avoid the effect of vibration from the platform effectively.Field dynamic experiment showed that the system error was less than 5%.Both the experimental results indicated that the grain yield monitoring system could satisfy the need of practical production.     

“四勤七有”积肥保地力

江西萍乡县是丘陵地区,土壤并不太肥沃,而全县农民普遍种植双季稻,不但没有使土壤肥力降低,反而增加了土壤肥力,提高了稻谷产量。     

新疆煤矿土地复垦为草地的适宜性评价方法与应用

土地复垦适宜性评价是土地复垦工作的基础,其评价结果直接决定将来土地复垦的方向和类型。该文以新疆15个煤矿为研究背景,选取了土地待复垦单元土地损毁后的地面坡度、损毁土地深度或压占区堆积物平整量、土地损毁后复垦土源保证率、土壤中黏粒含量、土壤有机质含量、覆土厚度和土地复垦单元可用于灌溉的地表径流量等7个因素作为土地复垦适宜性评价因子,构建了适合新疆煤矿土地复垦为草地的适宜性评价指标体系;以15个煤矿的76个待土地复垦单元作为学习样本,首先采用Q型聚类分析方法将76个样本划为4类,将分类结果与以往结合规范分类结果进行对比,其结果唯一,符合实际且更加精确;然后采用判别分析方法对76个样本进行训练,建立了相应的评价模型,采用回代估计方法对样本逐一进行检验,正确率达到98.7%。将该评价模型应用到新疆尼勒克科尔克煤矿和新疆皮里青煤矿,对2个煤矿的11个待土地复垦单元其复垦为草地的适宜性进行评价,评价分类结果与神经网络模型、因子和聚类联合分析的分类结果一致,分类结果符合规范分类结果范围且更加精确和符合实际。该评价指标体系和评价模型可为新疆煤矿土地复垦工作提供参考。     

隧道式挂面烘房干燥介质特征分析

为了解隧道式挂面烘房干燥介质（空气）流向、流速、温度、相对湿度的动态变化及分布特征,明确干燥介质参数之间的影响,该研究以5排60 m隧道式烘房为研究对象,利用Kestrel 4500型多功能便携式气候仪在线动态分析挂面干燥过程中干燥介质的流向、流速、温度、相对湿度。结果表明,挂面干燥过程中,风速、温度和相对湿度在烘房的4个干燥区段之间存在显著性差异。隧道式烘房的空气流动分布不均匀,风向主要偏向排潮口一侧,风速则表现为锯齿状波动式降低;温度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在30～45 m干燥区内最高,均值为45.55℃;相对湿度逐渐降低。风速显著影响烘房内的温度和相对湿度。在15～30 m和30～45 m干燥区内,风速与温度极显著正相关（P＜0.01）;在0～15 m、15～30 m和30～45 m 3个干燥区内,风速与相对湿度极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。风速对烘房内的温度和相对湿度在各干燥区段的影响方向和大小有所不同。