Rhizosphere microbiomes can regulate plant drought tolerance

Beneficial root-associated rhizospheric microbes play a key role in maintaining host plant growth and can potentially allow drought-resilient crop production. The complex interaction of root-associated microbes mainly depends on soil type, plant genotype, and soil moisture. However, drought is the most devastating environmental stress that strongly reduces soil biota and can restrict plant growth and yield. In this review, we discussed our mechanistic understanding of drought and microbial response traits. Additionally, we highlighted the role of beneficial microbes and plant-derived metabolites in alleviating drought stress and improving crop growth. We proposed that future research might focus on evaluating the dynamics of root-beneficial microbes under field drought conditions. The integrative use of ecology, microbial, and molecular approaches may serve as a promising strategy to produce more drought-resilient and sustainable crops.     

小麦对大麦黄矮病毒的抗性遗传

据Arny等(1966)报道,用遗传抗性有效地控制大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)已经成功地在大麦上得到了证实.然而在小麦对BYDV的抗性遗传方面的报道却极为有限.尽管Qualset等(1973)不少人对某些抗性资源作过报道,但没有发现免疫性,也没有见到主基因控制的抗性.Topcn(1975)研究了Anza(抗)×Bluebird(感)和Anza(抗)×CA63121(抗)这两个春小麦杂交组合后代群体的抗性遗传行为,发现该两组合的F_2资料呈现连续性     

小麦育种新方法的应用

对主要育种新方法进行了综述,推荐了田间、温室与实验室相结合的试验方法以加速育种进程,提高工作效率。     

麦胶蛋白电泳分析的材料和方法

1.样品该电泳分析技术可用单粒种子(或种子的一部分)、粉碎了的籽粒或面粉.种子必须在提取麦胶蛋白之前粉碎.种子称重后,直接粉碎于Eppendorf或相似的离心管中.如果样品只是一个品种的种子,分析时可用粉碎了的种子或面粉进行.反之,如不能确定样品是否纯净,就要分别分析单粒种子,并用现有品种的混合面粉的全部图谱同单粒种子的电泳图谱进行对照.     

高粱的同工酶遗传

我们研究了高梁的同工酶遗传。方法是把2～4周龄幼苗的叶片用杵和研钵碾碎,由几种抗氧剂和多酚氧化酶抑制剂组成的缓冲剂进行提取(Wendel,1080)。叶提取物以滤纸条吸收后在12.5%淀粉的平板凝胶中进行电泳。所用的4种缓冲剂系统是A.0.155Mtris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷)-0.43M柠檬酸盐电极缓冲液(pH7),凝胶缓冲液为1:14电极缓冲液的稀释液;B.0.065ML—组氨酸—0.007M柠檬酸盐电极缓冲液(pH6.5),凝胶缓冲液为1:3电     

粒用高粱杂种优势和配合力的研究

对国外高粱×印度高粱杂交组合的广泛遗传分析已得出这样的结论,未来的杂交种在产量性能上的主要遗传学改良,出路在于选择和培育已知上述各组合的衍生系,使其成为杂交种的亲本。目前正进行杂种优势的大小和配合力性质的研究,以及探索利用国外雄性不育系和国外×印度组合的优良育种衍生系培育新粒用高粱杂交种的可能性。     

高粱缺锌临界值与中毒含量

在集约栽培系统下,高梁做玉米的后茬时可能发生缺锌。在这类种植条件下已观察到玉米的缺锌现象。因此,确定高梁的缺锌临界值有益于在发生缺锌时进行诊断并加以纠正。此外,在这类地区经常施用锌肥,过量亦可能造成毒害反应。为了诊断和纠正因过量施锌或污水废渣可能引起的毒害,需要关于锌毒性的作物营养指导。本文介绍了水培下高梁叶片组织与地上部干物重的缺锌临界值(CDL)和毒害临界值(CTL)。     

甘薯不亲和性与不育性的分析

甘薯(Ipomoea)属六倍体植物,而且很可能是同源六倍体。一般来说,旋花科及甘薯属许多原始物种是自交不亲和的。这种生理体系强制它们异花交配。它们靠昆虫,主要是蜜蜂进行杂交授粉。但甘薯即使异花授粉也只能产生极少量的种子。为了选育有用的优良新品种,不得不从事单调的人工杂交授粉工作。     

Rheological and Thermal Properties of Potato Starch

<正>Particle size, rheological and thermal properties of potato starch from Yunnan province of China was investigated. The particle size ranges from 0.429-102.3 μm determined by laser light-scatter. The major flow type of 6 w/v% potato starch was shear-thinning fluid even the shear rate up to 800·s-1, and the gel formed by 6 w/v% potato starch fell to weak gel for its little difference between G′ and G′′, high dependence on frequency and low value of G′(Pa). The hardness and cohesiveness of potato starch gel were 31.3 g and 131.9 g·s, respectively. The thermal properties of potato starch were also determined by DSC at the starch∶ water = 3∶ 1. The To, Tp, and △H of potato starch were 62.23℃, 67.31℃, and 2.22 J·g-1.