抗虫转基因欧洲黑杨多重PCR技术检测体系构建

根据抗虫转基因欧洲黑杨中的CaMV 35S启动子、NOS终止子、NPTⅡ标记基因以及Bt目的基因序列,设计合成了相应引物,采用单重PCR和多重PCR技术对启动子、终止子、选择标记基因以及目的基因等多个外源基因进行检测,并对各引物的退火温度及引物之间的浓度配比进行优化,建立了适用于抗虫转基因欧洲黑杨检测的Bt、NPTⅡ和NOS基因的三重PCR分析的技术体系。结果表明:当各组引物的终浓度配比为1.0∶ 0.5∶ 0.5,退火温度为59 ℃时,所建立的三重PCR检测体系能够有效地检测出抗虫转基因欧洲黑杨中的转基因成分,实现了对抗虫转基因欧洲黑杨的快速、高效、准确的鉴定。     

Intra-annual growth response of adult Norway spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea abies</Emphasis> [L.] KARST.) and European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.) to an experimentally enhanced,free-air ozone regime

Several findings indicate an impact of ozone on stem diameter growth leaving the question unanswered, if and how the intra-annual growth pattern is changed. In this study the hypotheses are tested, that (1) ozone will alter the absolute growth and (2) alter and shift the period of growth activity within a year. Our data originates from the free air ozone fumigation experiment ‘Kranzberger Forst’ in a mixed stand of Norway spruce and common beech near Freising/Germany. Annual and intra-annual growth reactions of a sample of five adult beech and five spruce trees, exposed to double ambient ozone were examined and compared to the same number of untreated reference trees. Diameter increments were measured with plastic diameter girth bands and high-resolution, automatically logging micro-dendrometers, mounted at breast height (1.3 m). We used the increment data from the growth periods 2000 to 2005. The high-resolution micro-dendrometer data were examined by fitting a Weibull function to the standardized annual growth profiles to obtain curve parameters for statistical tests. We estimated the parameters ‘T’ which represents the point of time, when 63% of the annual diameter increment is performed and the parameter ‘m’, the Weibull module, which was used as an indicator for the span of time needed to complete the annual growth. The statistical significance of these curve parameters, together with the absolute diameter increment, was tested by use of mixed regression models. The analysis of the growth curve parameters revealed a significantly altered intra-annual growth pattern of both species induced by ozone. Spruce under ozone showed reduced absolute annual diameter increment and a preponed growth activity compared to untreated trees. Beech’s absolute diameter increment was not affected under ozone, but its growth activity was delayed. For both species, ozone fumigation did not alter the individual length of the annual growing season. These results are discussed with respect to drought, tree ring anatomy and tree allometry. The study shows that ozone is able to change growth behaviour of trees even if increment losses are not obvious. This article belongs to the special issue "Growth and defence of Norway spruce and European beech in pure and mixed stands".     

水田耕整机驱动轮的设计和试验

根据湖南省一般淹水水田和旱态水田的圆锥指数承压特性及土壤力学参数剪切特性来设计湖南独轮耕整机的驱动轮。设计驱动轮的依据是:(1)机械原理上公认的共轭啮合定律作为轮叶几何参数的推导依据,以滑转率(相当于齿轮的模数)作为基本推导轮叶基圆、滚动圆、倾角、压力角、轮叶高、轮叶数等几何参数;(2)按照轮叶下土壤流动失效及土壤反力模型试验数据以土壤力学理论分析推导轮叶倾角、数目等参数。设计了三轮样轮,通过在湖南省的夏耕、春耕生产试验,牵引性能试验,获得性能较优、结构较合理的H₄、H₃型驱动轮,能适应湖南省一般淹水水田和旱态水田使用。     

高精氨酸法测定猪回肠内源性氨基酸排泄量的研究

综述了利用赖氨酸侧链胍基化处理生成高精氨酸的步骤,以及如何利用胍基化日粮配制试验日粮并测定内源性赖氨酸排泄量的方法,并对高精氨酸测定技术的效果进行了探讨。     

模拟涂布液体系中利用美拉德反应降低烟草薄片还原糖含量的方法研究

[目的]研究在模拟水溶液涂布体系中通过美拉德反应降低制备的烟草薄片中还原糖含量。[方法]模拟烟草薄片生产过程,在含有还原糖的水溶液体系中分别添加不同种类的氨基化合物与催化剂,经过减压浓缩、涂布烘干制备步骤,优化降低烟草薄片中还原糖含量所需的氨基化合物以及催化剂的种类和用量。[结果]试验表明,以FeCl3为催化剂,浓度为0.01 mmol/L条件下,外加氨源物质磷酸氢二铵、赖氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸对降低烟草薄片中的还原糖含量都有良好效果,相对空白薄片分别降低了36.87%、21.42%、13.22%和12.10%。[结论]以FeCl3为催化剂通过加入氨源物质,利用美拉德反应在模拟工艺条件下能有效降低制备的烟草薄片中还原糖含量。     

南方根结线虫侵染对豇豆叶部和根系部分生理生化指标的影响

为了明确豇豆受到根结线虫侵染后所引起的植株叶片和根系丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的动态变化规律,在盆栽条件下,采用人工接种的方法测试南方根结线虫侵染对豇豆叶部和根系部分生理生化反应的影响。结果表明,南方根结线虫侵染后,病根脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于健康根,而过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性低于健康根。同时,受根结线虫侵染,病叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛的含量均高于健康叶片,而过氧化物酶活性低于健康叶片。     

薄壳山核桃‘马汉’雄蕊发育特性及花粉储藏活力

为解决薄壳山核桃Carya illinoensis花期花粉的采集和有效保存等问题,系统观测雄蕊开花习性,采用荧光染色反应（FCR）法研究了不同散粉期花粉生活力差异,以及不同储藏条件（室温密封、室温密封干燥;4℃密封、4℃密封干燥;-70℃密封、-70℃密封干燥）和储藏时间对花粉活力的影响.结果表明：①4月26日薄壳山核桃雄蕊花萼开裂,5月6日花药由绿变黄,5月7-9日雄蕊进入散粉期,5月8日散粉量最大,占花粉总量的75％,至5月10日花粉基本散尽,花药变黑、小花开始脱落;②散粉期花粉生活力大小依次为即将散粉期（花药由绿变黄）＞散粉初期＞散粉盛期＞散粉末期,花粉耐储藏性亦是即将散粉期最优,即将散粉期＞散粉初期＞散粉盛期＞散粉末期.③储藏条件对花粉活力的保持有显著影响,利于花粉生活力保持的储藏条件依次为-70℃密封干燥＞-70℃密封＞4℃密封干燥＞4℃密封＞室温密封干燥＞室温密封;在任一储藏条件下,花粉活力均随储藏时间而下降,干燥与不干燥差异不显著.室温下花粉活力下降最快,50 d后花粉已经完全丧失活力;4℃下花粉活力次之,120d后花粉已经完全丧失活力;-70℃超低温条件下保存效果最好,与常温、低温储藏差异极显著,储藏360 d花粉还保持43.55％的活力.     

3-（5-芝麻酚）-3-羟基氧化吲哚拼接衍生物和芝麻酚并吡喃螺环氧化吲哚拼接衍生物的合成研究

以取代靛红作为起始原料,通过和芝麻酚在10 mol%DABCO催化剂和二氯甲烷溶剂条件下的Aldol反应,高效合成3个未见文献报道的3-（5-芝麻酚）-3-羟基氧化吲哚（2a～2c）,产率为85%-92%。以取代靛红作为起始原料,通过和芝麻酚以及丙二腈在10 mol%DABCO催化剂和二氯甲烷溶剂条件下的三组分Domino反应,高效合成5个未见文献报道的芝麻酚并吡喃螺环氧化吲哚（3a-3e）,产率为87%-94%。底物取代基结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS（ESI）表征。