混沌动力学在森林工程中的应用初探

文中简述了混沌动力学的发展状况，进一步以森林工程学为背景提出了诸如非线性森林工程动力系统等概念及有关研究对象、方法，并通过一个简单的模型算例加以说明，最后对混沌动力学在森林工程中的应用提出了展望。     

专家系统及其在林业和水土保持研究中的应用进展

回顾了专家系统的定义、产生和发展的历史 ,并对其研究现状及在林业和水土保持研究中的应用作了较为详细的阐述     

广东林业外来有害生物入侵现状及防控对策

文章介绍了入侵广东林业的主要外来有害生物种类,分析了有害生物入侵原因,并提出了防控外来有害生物入侵的措施。     

试论"三元"立交林业技术经营体系(理论问题)

根据国内外关于林业经营体系的论述,提出了“生态为先－市场取向－区域特色”三元立交林业技术经营体系的理念和内涵表述。其基本表述为,生态为先是指新的技术经营体系必须在指导思想上始终把建设生态林业作为原则和目标;市场取向是指在市场经济大环境中建设生态林业,必须重视市场在资源配置,经营运作,矛盾调节中的作用;区域特色是指新的林业技术经营体系能主动适应资源条件和生态位要求。三者的关系是,生态为先是持续发展的灵魂体现,市场取向是活力源泉,区域特色是发展根基。其定位是,适应社会主义市场经济,确保生态效益主导需求,通过模式运作,保障和促进不同生态经济类型区,流域,区域社会经济,特别是山区农村经济协调发展。在此基础上建立具有区域特色,包括产供销,贸工林等内容,及其运作机制的技术,经济,管理经营等运作内容,并对它们进行了分析。     

The effects of nitrogen fertilization and soil properties on mycorrhizal formation of Salix viminalis

The effects of nitrogen fertilization (100, 200 kg N ha⁻¹ per year) and soil properties on mycorrhizal formation on Salix viminalis were investigated at three short rotation plantations on Gleysols and Cambisols (Abbachhof (ABB) and Wildeshausen (WIL) in Germany, Ultuna (ULT) in Sweden). During 3 years the ectomycorrhizal colonization, the composition of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and the VAM spore density in the soil were analyzed. The ectomycorrhizal colonization was significantly altered due to N-fertilization at all sites. The quality and magnitude of the fertilization effects on mycorrhizal formation on Salix viminalis varied due to the soil properties, i.e. soil texture, soil N content and pH. The WIL site was characterized by sandy soil (low pH, high soil N content), whereas the ABB site was characterized by clayey soil (high pH, low N content). The ULT site was characterized by clayey soil (high pH, high N content). In the unfertilized control plots (C), ectomycorrhizal colonization was higher at WIL than at ABB. Fertilization reduced the ectomycorrhizal colonization at WIL but increased it at ABB. The distribution of the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes was very heterogeneous within the treatments, therefore significant differences were rare. Sporocarps were collected at ABB during one growing period. The sporocarps were mostly from saprophytic species, with exception of the ectomycorrhizal species Inocybe glabripes. Significant effects of N-fertilization on VAM spore density were observed at two of the three plantations. The pattern in VAM spore density was similar to the pattern seen for ectomycorrhizal colonization. Thus, VAM spore density was increased by fertilization at ABB (low soil N) and decreased at ULT (high soil N). The soil properties have been shown to modify the effects of fertilization on ectomycorrhizal colonization and VAM spore density. Therefore, in management practice of short rotation plantations, the benefit of N-fertilization should be evaluated keeping secondary effects caused by changed mycorrhizal formations in mind.     

油松高世代种子园营建技术

通过对3批142个油松优树半同胞子代进行测定,选出36个优良家系,树高、胸径、材积平均增产15.4%、26.9%、73.3%,遗传增益分别为8.2%、8.5%、22.2%;再从优良家系内选择263个优良单株,树高、胸径、材积平均增产27.2%、41.1%、125.9%,预期遗传增益分别为13.3%、11.7%、37.2%;用选出的优良单株营建高世代无性系种子园,并提出了高世代种子园建立技术和种子高产关键技术.     

房县退耕还林造林设计立地类型划分研究

本文采用定性与定量相结合的方法 ,以分析立地生态因素地域分异的综合特征及对林木生长的影响为基础 ,结合该县林业生产现状 ,从科学、实用的观点出发 ,以主导因子控制确定退耕还林的立地类型 ,并编制立地类型表     

常山胡柚果实采后贮藏期间的生理生化变化

对常山胡柚果实贮藏期间超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、质膜相对透性的变化进行测定.结果表明,贮藏初期,果皮组织中SOD、POD、CAT活性缓慢上升,其中SOD活性在贮藏45 d时开始下降,至75 d时达最低值,然后急剧上升, POD和CAT活性在贮藏75 d时达最高,之后持续下降.果肉组织中SOD活性变化不大,总体上呈上升趋势,POD活性很低,且变化无规律,CAT活性一直呈下降趋势.果皮的质膜相对透性明显高于果肉,而且随着贮藏时间的延长而增高.     

河南省林业企业全要素生产率的测定

河南省林业企业主要分布于第一产业、第二产业,利用生产函数和索洛增长速度方程法来测算科技对林业企业贡献大小。经测算,河南省林业企业2000-2004年平均全要素生产率为11.74%。科技对河南省林业企业发展贡献较低。     

西藏林芝地区可持续发展对策

在分析林芝林区森林资源生物多样性现状的基础上，指出了该地区林业经营中存在的问题及实现林业可持续发展的有效途径。