低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响。选用30周龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉种母鸡288只,根据体重和产蛋率相近原则,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为16%(对照组)、15%、14%、13%,各组的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸及异亮氨酸水平一致。试验期10周。结果表明:1)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡末重、平均日增重、平均日产蛋量、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、破蛋率和不合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡鸡蛋的蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。13%CP组的蛋黄颜色显著高于16%CP组(P<0.05)。3)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡的雏鸡初生重、受精蛋孵化率、弱雏率和受精率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)13%、14%CP组的血浆尿素氮含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05),13%CP组的血浆尿酸含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05),13%CP组的粪便氮含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和孵化性能无负面影响,但能够降低血浆尿素氮、尿酸含量和粪便氮含量。本试验条件下,黄羽肉种鸡产蛋高峰期的饲粮CP水平可以降低至13%(补充7种必需氨基酸)。     

包被肉桂油对1~21日龄肉鸡生长性能和回肠微生物区系的影响

为进一步探究肉桂油的应用效果,本试验在前期研究基础上探讨了饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油对肉鸡回肠菌群多样性和组成的影响。试验采用单因素设计,将132只1日龄科宝500肉鸡随机分成对照组和试验组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复11只鸡（5只公鸡,6只母鸡）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油,试验期为21 d。结果显示,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油对1~21日龄肉鸡生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡21日龄回肠微生物的Shannon指数和Sobs指数显著增加（P<0.05）,Simpson指数显著降低（P<0.05）。两组回肠微生物共有的OTU数为133个,对照组和试验组独有的OTU数分别为4和135个。ANOSIM分析显示,肉鸡回肠微生物的组间差异大于组内差异（R=0.4896）且差异显著（P<0.05）。试验组回肠链球菌属相对丰度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组回肠其他属细菌丰度差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg包被肉桂油有利于增加21日龄肉鸡回肠微生物多样性,降低链球菌属细菌的相对丰度。     

Yellow mealworm,Tenebrio molitor (Col: Tenebrionidae), larvae powder as dietary protein sources for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance,carcass traits,selected intestinal microbiota and blood parameters

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM meal) inclusion on the performance, carcass traits, caecum microbiota and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 180-day-old chickens were allocated to three dietary groups with five replicate pens (12 birds/pen). Experimental diets were included a corn-soybean basal diet, and two diets with 2.5% and 5% TM. TM-included diets have been administered for periods of starter (1–10 days) and grower (11–25 days). A regular finisher diet was given to all groups during the 26–42 days of age. Diets containing TM meal did not influence feed intake and mortality percentage. Feed conversion ratio was lower with the 2.5% TM meal diet compared with the control group at starter period (p < .05). Besides, broiler chickens fed TM meal included diet had a higher body weight gain than the control group during 1–10 days of age (p < .05). The carcass characteristics and length and weight of different parts of small and large intestines were not influenced by diets. TM meal inclusion decreased the albumin-to-globulin ratio compared with the control group (p < .05). Additionally, lower total count of aerobic and Escherichia coli bacteria was observed in response to diet inclusion of 5% TM meal. Overall, the inclusion of TM meal in broilers' diet improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in the starting period, decreased albumin-to-globulin ratio and E. coli bacteria content.     

Interactive effect of corn particle size and insoluble fiber source on performance,nutrient utilization and intestine morphology in broilers fed pelleted diets

The effects of corn particle size and dietary fibre on the performance, coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) and intestinal characteristics in broiler starters fed pelleted diets were studied. The experiment included 10 treatments arranged as a 2 × 5 factorial with two corn particle sizes (GMD of 1071 [CGC] vs. 534 [FGC]) and five diets that consisted in a low-fibre diet and four extra diets resulting from the inclusion of insoluble fibre sources (10 g/kg of lignocellulose (LC), and 30 g/kg of oat hulls; OH, rice hulls; RH, and sunflower hulls; SFH). In coarse grinding, all-fibre sources improved body weight gain and feed intake compared to the control diet (p < 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with fibre supplementation (p < 0.01) and fine grinding of corn (FGC) (p < 0.01). Coarse grinding of corn (CGC) and inclusion of RH, SFH and OH reduced gizzard pH (p < 0.01). Fibre inclusion increased ileal fat and Ca digestibility (p < 0.01), gizzard weight (p < 0.01), digesta transit time (p < 0.01) and length of duodenum and small intestine (p < 0.01). The CAID of phosphorus increased in CGC fed birds and inclusion of RH, SFH and OH (p < 0.05). The weight of gizzard, proventriculus and pancreas (p < 0.01) was greater in CGC fed birds. Feeding SFH, RH and OH (p < 0.01), and CGC (p < 0.01) increased the villus height (VH) of the duodenum. The OH, RH and SFH supplementation increased the caecal population of Lactobacillus spp. and total anaerobic bacteria (p < 0.01) only in FGC fed birds. Overall, birds fed pelleted diets containing RH, OH and SFH (3%) exhibited improved performance, and increased nutrient digestibility, which may be caused by developed gizzards and intestine. Furthermore, coarse grinding of corn is beneficial to gizzard development.     

肉种鸡养殖管理技术要点

相较于其他家禽养殖,肉种鸡养殖有着更严格的技术要求,要求养殖系统性、精细化。部分养殖户在发展肉种鸡养殖过程中不注重做好养殖管理工作,普遍存在技术空缺,很容易造成各种传染性疾病发生,影响肉种鸡正常生长,最终影响养殖户经济效益。该文在总结以往养殖经验的基础上,探讨肉种鸡饲养管理技术要点。     

雏鸡对~3H-维生素A的吸收及其在体内的分布

选用出壳后12时龄的Arbor Acres肉雏鸡165只,用放射性同位素~3H示踪法进行了~3H二维生素A(~3H—V_A)的吸收利用试验。结果表明,1—3日龄的雏鸡对V_A吸收较快,且主要集中在摄食后的2—4小时内进行,5日龄后的雏鸡对V_A的吸收速度减慢;V_A在肠道申的吸收是一个持续过程,约为24—72小时;1周龄的雏鸡对各种不同形态外源V_A的利用率分别为:乳化剂89.43％,微囊型粉剂82.91％,油剂80.67％,对乳化剂V_A利用最佳。     

22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮代谢能需求参数的研究

为研究不同性别22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮代谢能需求参数,用1600只21日龄岭南黄鸡进行了试验。采用2(性别)×5(代谢能水平)因子试验设计,通过向玉米—豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同剂量植物油、沸石粉和玉米芯粉,配制成5种含不同代谢能水平的试验饲粮,代谢能水平分别设置为:11.715、12.134、12.552、12.970、13.389MJ/kg。试验期21天,通过观测饲粮代谢能水平对试鸡生长性能、胴体品质、空体成分、能量和粗蛋白质沉积率、肌肉脂肪含量以及部分血液生化指标的影响,确定不同性别22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮代谢能需求参数。试验结果表明:在本试验条件下,根据不同评价指标确定的22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡饲粮代谢能需求参数略有不同,雌、雄黄羽肉鸡的最适饲粮代谢能水平基本一致。以生长性能为评价指标时,雌、雄试鸡结果一致,为12.958MJ/kg;以胴体品质和能量、粗蛋白质沉积率为评价指标时,得到的结果一致,为12.122MJ/kg;根据试鸡血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿素氮浓度确定的结果一致,为12.540MJ/kg;以空体成分为评价指标时,得到的雌、雄试鸡最适饲粮代谢能水平分别为12.540和12.958MJ/kg;以肌肉脂肪含量为评价指标,确定雌、雄试鸡饲粮代谢能最适需要量分别为12.540和12.122MJ/kg。综合考虑本试验根据不同判据指标得到的结果,确定     

嗜热毛壳菌纤维酶对肉鸡消化道酶活性影响的研究

试验旨在研究嗜热毛壳菌纤维酶对肉鸡消化道酶活性的影响。选用1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120羽,随机分成4组,即对照组和试验1、2、3组,分别添加嗜热毛壳菌纤维酶0、0.05%、0.15%和0.25%。结果表明,试验2和3组十二指肠(P0.05)和空肠胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶的活性(P0.01)以及十二指肠、空肠和胰脏脂肪酶的活性(P0.05或P0.01)显著或极显著高于其他各组,对淀粉酶的活性无显著影响(P0.05)。     

大豆黄酮对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

本试验选用240只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,公母分养,分别随机分为4个组,即1个对照组和3个试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加5、10、15mg/kg的大豆黄酮。试验结果表明:肉鸡日粮中添加大豆黄酮对28日龄公鸡和28、49日龄母鸡T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率差异均不显著(P>0.05),而对49日龄公鸡差异显著,以试验Ⅱ组提高最多,为19.86%(P<0.01);添加大豆黄酮对28日龄母鸡、49日龄公、母鸡NDV抗体效价均无显著差异(P>0.05),而对28日龄公鸡差异显著,试验组较对照组NDV抗体效价均略有升高,但仅试验Ⅱ组升高显著(P<0.05)。     

复方天然植物饲料添加剂对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选择同一日龄出壳、体质健康的艾维茵雏鸡240羽,随机分成试验组(复方天然植物提取物)和对照组(杆菌肽锌)两个处理组,各120羽。每组4个重复,进行饲养试验。试验结果如下:在0～15日龄、16～30日龄、31～60日龄,试验组的日增重、死淘率与对照组相比较,差异不显著。本试验表明,复方天然植物饲料添加剂在肉鸡生产过程中,在促生长方面与西药相当。